Asian and African Studies, Volume 28, Number 1, 2019 30 MUḤAMMAD C ALĪ’S CONQUEST OF SUDAN (1820 – 1824) 1 Emanuel BEŠKA Institute of Oriental Studies, Slovak Academy of Sciences Klemensova 19, 813 64 Bratislava, Slovakia emanuel.beska@savba.sk This paper deals with two Turco-Egyptian expeditions sent to Sudan by the Egyptian Viceroy Muḥammad c Alī Pasha at the turn of the third decade of the nineteenth century. The first one, commanded by his son Ismā c īl Kāmil Pasha, conquered the declining kingdom of Sinnār in 1820 – 1821. The second one was led by his son-in-law, Muḥammad Bey Khusraw ad-Daftardār, and seized Kordofan (Arab. Kurdufān) in 1821. After the killing of Ismā c īl Kāmil Pasha in Shandī, tribes inhabiting the Nile valley revolted in October 1822. Following the brutal suppression of the revolt, Sudan became an Egyptian colony. However, the main long-term goals of the expedition – to acquire large quantities of gold and build a modern army of Sudanese slaves – were not accomplished. Key words: conquest of Sudan, Funj Kingdom, Ismā c īl Kāmil, Muḥammad c Alī, Muḥammad Bey Khusraw, Turco-Egyptian expedition Introduction The paper focuses on the gradual conquest of Sudan by Muḥammad c Alī’s forces from 1820 to 1824. Two expeditions were sent to Sudan; the first of them, led by Ismā c īl Pasha, gained control of the riverine regions and conquered the Funj Kingdom. The second, led by Muḥammad Bey Khusraw, took over Kordofan. Despite the uprising that broke out in the fall of 1822 in the country 1 The preparation of this paper was supported by the Slovak Research and Development Agency (grant no. APVV-15-0030) and by a scholarship from the Jan Hus Foundation and UPJŠ (University of Pavol Jozef Šafárik) Foundation. The paper is a translated, revised and updated version of the following article: BEŠKA, E. Dobytie Sudánu vojskami Muhammada c Alího (1820 – 1824) [Conquest of Sudan by Muhammad c Alíʼs Forces (1820 – 1824)]. In Acta FF, 2013, Vol. 1, pp. 13–35.