134 Problems and Challenges in Higher Education Reforms in Nepal Raj Kumar Baral ∗ Abstract Higher Education Reform (HER) in Nepal is challenging as higher education sector itself has many issues and challenges which are not duly addressed so far. By using ideas from experts in the field and utilizing secondary data, the research concludes as Nepalese Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) are not capable of bearing the demand of global education market, to enhance the capacity of Nepalese higher education research and innovation culture; fairness and the uniformity in teacher selection and recruitment system; and development of national qualification framework and credit transfer system are major challenges of HERs. Strengthening the monitoring and evaluation system in HE, increasing the pass rate, reforming TU to impart quality education, property management among universities, and the implementation of the higher education policy provision itself are other major challenges. Keywords: Higher Education/ Reform, Education policy, QAA, Monitoring and evaluation, Higher Education Institute(s) Defining Higher Education and Its Scope: All types of studies, training or training for research at the post-secondary level, provided by universities or other educational establishments that are approved as institutions of higher education by the competent state authorities. It includes all the activities a given country deems to be higher education – not only those that take place within ordinary universities and graduate schools, but shorterterm education and training courses (polytechnics, junior colleges, and various forms of technical specialty schools) that are 2-3 years in length, and even correspondence courses that make use of information technology and are targeted at a broad population of students. (UNESCO, 1998) This definition clearly categorizes the scope and the area it covers, ranging from short term education courses, trainings of specified area of specified length to university education.As it encompasses a larger area, it frequently encounters with problems ∗ Assistant Professor Central Department of English, TU, Kirtipur