3
Wicked Problems and Other Thoughts on
Issues of Technology and Teacher Learning
Hilda Borko
Stanford University
Jennie Whitcomb
Daniel Liston
University of Colorado
This telephone has too many shortcomings to be seri-
ously considered as a means of communication. The
device is inherently of no value to us.
An internal Western Union memo, 1876
I think there is a world market for maybe five computers.
IBM chairman Thomas Watson, 1943.
There is no reason anyone would want a computer in
their home.
Ken Olson, founder, chairman and president
of Digital Equipment Corporation, 1977.
Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguisha-
ble from magic.
Arthur C. Clarke (1963), English
physicist and science fiction writer, p.
W
e’ve come a long way and at an incredible pace.
What was magic less than a generation ago is now
part of everyday life. Digital technologies are changing
the way we live, work, and learn. Their potential to trans-
form K-12 education motivated our decision to devote a
theme issue of Journal of Teacher Education to the inno-
vative uses of technology for teacher learning.
1
Although
optimistic about the possibilities new technologies offer
to support K-12 learners’ achievement, teachers’ produc-
tivity, effectiveness in classrooms, and teacher learning,
we also recognize that teaching and learning with new
technologies represents a “wicked problem” (Koehler &
Mishra, 2008). Rittel and Webber (1973) characterized
Journal of Teacher Education
Volume 60 Number 1
January/February 2009 3-7
© 2009 Sage Publications
10.1177/0022487108328488
http://jte.sagepub.com
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Authors’ Note: We would like to thank our colleagues Susan
Maunders and Karin Forssell for their critical reading of this article.
As an editorial team, the editors write editorials collaboratively. To
reflect the nature of this joint work, they rotate the order of authors
with each journal issue.
wicked problems as problems that include a large num-
ber of complex variables—all of which are dynamic,
contextually bound, and interdependent. The rapid
growth of digital technologies, coupled with the com-
plexity of classroom life, increases both the potential
transformative power and the difficulty of problems
associated with incorporating innovative technologies in
teaching and teacher education. Our aim in organizing
this theme issue was to explore these possibilities and
complexities.
Our call for this issue invited “research manuscripts
that address how these technologies inform teacher candi-
dates’ understanding of real classrooms and veteran teach-
ers’ professional development . . . that examine the unique
opportunities and obstacles presented through these inven-
tive uses of technology, or that provide evidence for their
impact on teachers’ learning and practice.”
Perhaps it is not surprising that our understanding of
what it takes to integrate technology effectively into
teaching and teacher education has grown through the
process of putting together the theme issue. We now have
a sharper sense of the relationship between issues
involved in using technology to support teacher learning
and those that must be addressed to support the uses of
technology to foster K-12 student learning. In the big pic-
ture, innovative teacher educators are creating technology-
rich approaches that promote the development of
tech-savvy teachers—teachers who regularly use digital
Editorial