Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Safety Science journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/safety Perceived management commitment and psychological empowerment: A study of intensive care unit nurses’ safety Mohammad Al-Bsheish a, ⁎ , Munauwar bin Mustafa b , Mohd Ismail c , Mu'taman Jarrar d , Ahmed Meri e , Mohammed Dauwed f a Healthcare Administration Department, Batterjee Medical College (BMC), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia b School of Business Management (SBM), Universiti Utara Malaysia, Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia c School of Technology Management and Logistics (STML), Universiti Utara Malaysia, Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia d Vice Deanship for Quality and Development, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Saudi Arabia e Department of Medical Instrumentation Techniques Engineering, Al-Hussain University College, Karbala, Iraq f Department of Computer Science, Dijlah University College, Baghdad, Iraq ARTICLE INFO Keywords: Safety compliance Safety participation Psychological empowerment Perceived management commitment to safety Intensive Care Units ABSTRACT Background: Occupational accidents are substantial, particularly among hospitals’ healthcare providers such as nurses who deliver healthcare services directly to patients. Thus, improving safety performance via safety compliance and participation is required. Purposes: This study investigates the relationship between psychological empowerment as a non-safety ante- cedent with safety compliance as well as safety participation. Likewise, the study explores the role of nurses’ perceptions toward management commitment to safety as a mediator in these relationships. Methods: A personally distributed survey was employed, and the respondents comprised 285 intensive care unit nurses at eight Jordanian hospitals who were randomly selected by cluster sampling, with a 52% response rate. Partial Least Squares (PLS) was employed to establish the validity and reliability of the study model and to examine the study hypotheses. Results: The results confirmed that psychological empowerment has a significant and positive influence on both dimensions of safety performance among nurses. Moreover, perceived management commitment to safety mediates these relationships. Conclusion: The psychological empowerment of nurses can enhance their compliance and participation in safety measures. This paper adds to the current safety literature and nursing practices by demonstrating the effect of psychological empowerment on safety performance. Perceived management commitment to safety as a mediator provides insights for leaders. Practically speaking, health policy makers and safety managers (i.e., infection control officers) should keep their nurses empowered psychologically and be aware of their real commitment to safety to enhance workplace safety of nurses. 1. Introduction Workplace safety is of great concern in healthcare organizations (Lievens and Vlerick, 2014), which includes healthcare providers such as nurses who are a fundamental component of the healthcare team (Long et al., 2013). In Jordan, nurses suffer from a high rate of injuries and illnesses in their daily duties, and Intensive Care Units (ICUs) nurses are especially subject to occupational injuries and illnesses such as slipping, back pain, infectious diseases, and needle stick injuries. For instance, Khraisat et al. (2015) found that 67.6% of 108 Jordanian nurses suffered needle stick injuries, and 22% of these involved nurses working in ICU. Shawashi et al. (2015) survey of 150 Jordanian nurses found that 36% of those who had suffered back injuries were ICU nurses. In examining the issue of workplace safety performance, the stan- dard, but outdated approach, has been to describe workplace safety performance as the absence or presence of accidents. In other words, a higher incidence of accidents indicates the absence of workplace safety and a lower incidence of accidents indicates the presence of workplace safety (Hinze et al., 2013; Marottoli et al., 1997). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2019.05.055 Received 2 May 2018; Received in revised form 19 April 2019; Accepted 31 May 2019 ⁎ Corresponding author at: Healthcare Administration Department, Batterjee Medical College (BMC), P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. E-mail addresses: mohammed.ghandour@bmc.edu.sa (M. Al-Bsheish), munawar@uum.edu.my (M. bin Mustafa), azril@uum.edu.my (M. Ismail), mkjarrar@iau.edu.sa (M. Jarrar), dr.meri@huciraq.edu.iq (A. Meri), altaae@siswa.ukm.edu.my (M. Dauwed). Safety Science 118 (2019) 632–640 0925-7535/ © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. T