Association of immunosuppression and HIV viremia with non- Hodgkin lymphoma risk overall and by subtype in persons living with HIV in the United States and Canada: a multi-center cohort study Raúl U. Hernández-Ramírez, PhD * , Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA Li Qin, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA Haiqun Lin, PhD, Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA Wendy Leyden, MPH, Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA Romain S. Neugebauer, PhD, Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA Keri N. Althoff, PhD, Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA Chad J. Achenbach, MD, Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA Nancy A. Hessol, MSPH [Professor], * Corresponding author: Raúl U. Hernández-Ramírez, Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06520-8034, USA raul.hernandezramirez@yale.edu. Authors’ Contributions RUH-R and RD drafted the manuscript. RUH-R, LQ, HL, RSN, EAE, MJS, and RD contributed to the conception and design of this work. RUH-R, WL, KNA, CJA, NAH, GD, KAG, MJG, SG, MAH, JL, WCM, AMM, LSP, CSR, KS, ACJ, RDM, and MJS participated in the acquisition or management of the data. RUH-R performed the statistical analysis. RUH-R, LQ, HL, EAE, MJS, and RD contributed to the analysis and interpretation of the data. All authors revised the manuscript critically for important intellectual content, and approved the final version of the report. Declaration of interests KNA serves on the scientific advisory board of TrioHealth, Inc.. MJG has served as an ad hoc member of Canadian HIV Advisory Boards of Merck, Gilead and ViiV. RDM has previously consulted for Medscape. MJS has received grants from Gilead and, formerly, Merck. The remaining authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose. HHS Public Access Author manuscript Lancet HIV. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2020 April 01. Published in final edited form as: Lancet HIV. 2019 April ; 6(4): e240–e249. doi:10.1016/S2352-3018(18)30360-6. Author Manuscript Author Manuscript Author Manuscript Author Manuscript