Agriprima Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences September, 2022 Online version: https://agriprima.polije.ac.id Vol. 6, No. 2, Hal. 191 -201 P-ISSN : 2549-2934 | E-ISSN : 2549-2942 DOI: 10.25047/agriprima.v6i2.492 Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Jember 191 Analisis Daya Gabung dan Aksi Gen Jagung ( Zea mays L) menggunakan Rancangan Perkawinan Line x Tester Analysis of Combined Power and Gene Action of Corn (Zea mays L) using Line x Tester Mating Design Author(s): Lily Dasinta Norasary Putri (1) ; Darmawan Saptadi (1) ; Budi Waluyo (1) * (1) Universitas Brawijaya * Corresponding author: budiwaluyo@ub.ac.id Submitted: 1 Jul 2022 Accepted: 1 Sep 2022 Published: 30 Sep 2022 ABSTRAK Nilai daya gabung digunakan untuk pemilihan tetua dan mendapatkan informasi yang diperlukan tentang aksi gen untuk mengendalikan sifat tanaman. Daya gabung umum (DGU) berhubungan dengan aksi gen aditif. Daya gabung khusus (DGK) berhubungan dengan aksi gen non aditif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui DGU dan DGK serta aksi gen hasil persilangan jagung menggunakan rancangan perkawinan line x tester. Informasi yang diperoleh sebagai acuan dalam pengembangan perbaikan populasi jagung yang berdaya hasil tinggi. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Bendo, Kecamatan Pare, Kabupaten Kediri. Bahan genetik yang digunakan yaitu A (Digdaya), B (Bisi 220), C (NK 212), dan D (P35) sebagai tetua betina (lines), E (NK 7328), F (Pertiwi 6), G (Bima Uri 19), dan H (P27) sebagai tetua jantan (testers) dan 16 F1 hasil kombinasi persilangan yang disusun berdasarkan pola perkawinan line x tester. Percobaan disusun berdasarkan rancangan acak kelompok, diulang 3 kali. Karakter yang diamati umur berbunga betina (hst), umur berbunga jantan (hst), umur panen (hst), tinggi tanaman (cm), tinggi letak tongkol (cm), diameter batang (cm), panjang tongkol (cm), tip filling, diameter tongkol (cm), jumlah baris biji per tongkol, bobot tongkol tanpa klobot (g), bobot biji tongkol (g), bobot tongkol panen per plot (kg plot -1), bobot 100 biji (g), rendemen (%), kadar air (%), potensi hasil (t ha-1). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tetua A, B dan F memiliki nilai DGU baik pada karakter komponen hasil dan hasil. Galur tersebut bisa digunakan sebagai tetua penyusun dalam perakitan varietas sintetik. Kombinasi persilangan AxG, DxG, BxG, BxE, CxH, AxE, dan AxH menghasilkan nilai DGK baik pada karakter hasil dan komponen hasil. Dari data tersebut varian DGK secara umum lebih tinggi dibandingkan varian DGU yang mengindikasikan bahwa aksi gen non-aditif lebih mendominasi pewarisan sebagian besar karakter komponen hasil dan hasil. Kata Kunci: Aksi gen; Daya gabung umum; Daya gabung khusus; Jagung. Keywords: Gene action; General combining ability; Specific combining ability; Zea mays. ABSTRACT The combining ability were used for the selection of the parents and to obtain the required information about the genes action that controlling the plant. General combining ability (GCA) is associated with additive gene action. Specific combining ability (SCA) is associated with non- additive gene action. This study aims to determine the value of GCA, SCA, and gene action of maize crosses using a lines x testers mating design. The information is obtained as a reference in the development of improved maize populations with high yields. The research was conducted in Bendo, Pare, Kediri Regency. The genetic materials used were A (Digdaya), B (Bisi 220), C (NK 212), and D (P35) as female parents (lines), E (NK 7328), F (Pertiwi 6), G (Bima Uri 19), and H (P27) as male parent (testers) and 16 F1 cross combinations were arranged based on the line x tester mating design. The experiment was arranged according to a randomized block design, repeated 3 times. The characters observed included day for silking (dap), the day for tasseling (dap), day for harvest (dap), plant height (cm), height of ear (cm), diameter of stem (cm), length of ear (cm), tip filling, diameter of ear (cm), number of seed rows per ear, weight of ears without husk (g), seed weight per of ear (g), weight of ear without husk per plot (kg plot -1), weight of 100 seeds (g), grain shelling (%), and grain moisture content, dan yield potential (t ha-1),. The results showed that line A, B and tester F had good GCA on the character of the yield and yield components. These lines can be used as a parent to develop synthetic varieties. The combination of crosses AxG, DxG, BxG, BxE, CxH, AxE, AxH produces good SCA for yield characters and yield components. SCA variance is generally higher than the GCA variance which has the character that non-additive gene action dominates the inheritance of most of the yield and yield components.