Muttaqin et al Journal of Drug Delivery & Therapeutics. 2021; 11(6-S):70-78
ISSN: 2250-1177 [70] CODEN (USA): JDDTAO
Available online on 15.12.2021 at http://jddtonline.info
Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics
Open Access to Pharmaceutical and Medical Research
Copyright © 2021 The Author(s): This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC 4.0
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Open Access Full Text Article Research Article
Study of Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamic and Toxicity Prediction
of Several Quinoline Alkaloid Derivatives as a Bruton Tyrosine Kinase
Inhibitor as Anti-Leukemia
Muttaqin, Fauzan Zein
1,2
*; Restisari, Ikma Hanifah
2
; Muhammad, Hubbi Nasrullah
3
1
Faculty of Pharmacy, Bhakti Kencana University, Bandung, West Java, 40614, Indonesia
2
Bandung School of Pharmacy, Bandung, West Java, 40614, Indonesia
3
School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, West Java, 40132, Indonesia
Article Info:
_________________________________________
Article History:
Received 17 October 2021
Reviewed 02 December 2021
Accepted 08 December 2021
Published 15 December 2021
_________________________________________
Cite this article as:
Muttaqin FZ, Restisari IH, Muhammad HN, Study of
Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamic and
Toxicity Prediction of Several Quinoline Alkaloid
Derivatives as a Bruton Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor
as Anti-Leukemia, Journal of Drug Delivery and
Therapeutics. 2021; 11(6-S):70-78
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v11i6-S.5135
_________________________________________
*Address for Correspondence:
Muttaqin, Fauzan Zein, Faculty of Pharmacy,
Bhakti Kencana University, Bandung, West Java,
40614, Indonesia
Abstract
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Quinoline alkaloid and its derivatives play a vital role in the development of new therapeutic
agents. Cinnoline structure has similarities with quinoline alkaloid compound and has the
potential to inhibit Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) in leukemia treatment. This research aims
to study the interaction of several quinoline alkaloids with BTK and to predict the toxicity to
ensure their safety. This study was carried out using computational studies, including molecular
docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and toxicity prediction, to assess the compound’s
activity towards BTK and their toxicity. Molecular docking simulations showed that ten
compounds (S1, S2, S4, S5, S8, S13, S14, S16, S17, and S20) had the best affinity to BTK.
Molecular dynamics simulations to these ten compounds showed that only seven compounds
(S1, S5, S8, S13, S16, S17, and S20) could stabilize the interaction towards BTK with RMSD and
RMSF value of 0.5 ± 2 Å and 0.5 ± 6, 5 Å, respectively. Toxicity prediction results showed that
these quinoline alkaloids had various toxicity characteristics, but most were not carcinogens
and mutagens (S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S10 S11, S12, S14, and S15). It can be concluded that
Yukositrin (S8) has the most potential affinity towards BTK, which can be used as anti-leukemia
with low toxicity.
Keywords: anti-leukemia, Bruton Tyrosine Kinase, docking, MD, quinoline alkaloids
INTRODUCTION
Cancer is a disease with a high prevalence and is the second-
highest disease in the world after heart disease. In Indonesia,
cancer is a dreaded disease because it is difficult to cure and
causes many deaths. Cancer risk factors such as genetics,
carcinogens, and lifestyle behaviors lead to nearly 1.4%, or
about 347,792 of all cancer cases
1
. In the previous research,
we found some potential anticancer drug candidate
compounds
2
. Some of the leukemia treatments currently
used are surgery and drug treatment. The death rate from
leukemia reaches 9.8%, and leukemia recurrence approaches
5.3%. This is due to the lack of available treatments. One of
the leukemia treatments is the use of ibrutinib
3
. Ibrutinib is
the primary choice in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
treatment and is one of the potent drugs in leukemia
treatment that acts as a Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase (BTK)
inhibitor
4,5
. BTK plays an essential role in the B cell signaling
process, especially in the B leukocytes cell proliferase
6,7
.
Some studies suggest that other synthetic derivatives can
inhibit BTK, namely GDC-0834. GDC-0834 has the same
bonding position as ibrutinib (PCI-32765), occupying three
inhibition positions on BTK receptor
8
. Another study
suggests that the presence of small molecules, called
cinnoline, is known to have the potential to inhibit BTK by
occupying one position of inhibitory bonding
9
. Cinnoline
structure has similarities with quinoline alkaloid compound,
based on applying the Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR)
principle
10
. In this study, we conducted in silico study of
some quinoline alkaloid derivatives as Bruton’s Tyrosine
Kinase inhibitor by docking and MD for the development of
antileukemia drugs.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Docking, molecular dynamic, and ADMET studies were
performed for all designed compounds by Gaussian 09,
AutoDock4 and AutoDockTools4, GROMACS, and ADMET
PredictorTM installed in a single machine running on a 3.4
GHz Intel (R) Core(TM) i7-6700 processor with 16 GB RAM,
4 GB VGA, and 500 GB hard disk with dual-boot Microsoft
Windows 7 Pro 64 bit and Linux Ubuntu as the operating
system.