Abstract
Objectives: An optimal initial graft function after living-
donor liver transplant depends on optimal graft
hemodynamics. Nonmechanical impediments to free
hepatic venous outflow, due to elevated central
venous pressure, may obstruct the “functional” hepatic
venous outflow. Here, we evaluated whether central
venous pressure affected early graft function and
outcomes in adult living-donor liver transplant
recipients.
Materials and Methods: This prospective observational
study included 61 living-donor liver transplant
recipients without technical complications who
received transplants from August 2013 to November
2014. Hemodynamic variables were measured
preoperatively, at anhepatic phase, 30 minutes
postreperfusion, at end of surgery, and during
postoperative days 1-5.
Results: Patients with high central venous pressure
showed functional hepatic venous outflow obstruction,
which caused delayed recovery of graft function.
Although postoperative central venous pressure was
the only identified independent risk factor for
mortality, all 5 deaths in our study group occurred in
those who had high central venous pressure at the
anhepatic, postreperfusion, end of surgery, and
postoperative phases. A postoperative central venous
pressure value of ~11 mm Hg was determined to be
the cutoff for high-risk mortality, with area under the
curve of 0.859 (sensitivity of 80%, specificity of 68%).
Increased central venous pressure was associated with
increased portal venous pressure (increase of 45%,
range, 28%-89%; P = .001). Central venous pressure at
end of surgery (r = 0.45, P ≤ .001) and at posttransplant
time points (r = 0.29, P = .02) correlated well with
portal venous pressure at end of surgery. Other risk
factors for early allograft dysfunction were Model for
End-Stage Liver Disease and cardiac output post-
transplant.
Conclusions: High central venous pressure, modulating
portal venous pressure, can result in functional hepatic
venous outflow obstruction, causing delayed graft
function recovery and increased risk of mortality.
Maintaining a central venous pressure below 11 mm Hg
is beneficial.
Key words: Central venous pressure, Endotoxemia, Graft
dysfunction, Mortality, Portal venous pressure
Introduction
Optimal initial graft function after living-donor liver
transplant (LDLT) depends on graft hemodynamics,
which is influenced by inflow, outflow, and graft-
related factors such as graft recipient weight ratio
and compliance.
1,2
Consensus regarding the ideal
hemodynamic goals during liver transplant or post-
operatively is mixed. How mechanical components
of inflow and outflow affect graft outcomes has been
well studied, and a number of technical refinements
such as venoplasty and inflow modulation have been
suggested to optimize these.
1,3,4
Studies have
revealed that preservation of functional liver mass
and prevention of an outflow obstruction are
essential to prevent small-for-size syndrome in size-
reduced livers.
5
Outflow obstruction in the form of
middle hepatic venous occlusion has also been
identified as an independent predictor of mortality.
6
However, one other important factor that might
Copyright © Başkent University 2018
Printed in Turkey. All Rights Reserved.
Impact of Functional Hepatic Venous Outflow Obstruction
on Perioperative Outcome After Living-Donor
Liver Transplant
Murali Appukuttan,
1
Senthil Kumar,
1
Kishore Gurumoorthy Subramanya Bharathy,
1
Vijay Kant Pandey,
2
Viniyendra Pamecha
1
From the
1
Department of Liver Transplantation and Hepato Pancreatico Biliary Surgery and the
2
Department of Anaesthesiology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
Acknowledgements: The authors have no sources of funding for this study and have no conflicts
of interest to declare. V. Pamecha contributed to study concept and design; M. Appukuttan and
V. K. Pandey contributed to acquisition of data; M. Appukuttan and V. Pamecha contributed to
analysis and interpretation of data; M. Appukuttan, V. Pamecha, and S. Kumar contributed to
manuscript drafting; all authors contributed to critical revision of the manuscript for important
intellectual content and approval of the final manuscript. We thank Guresh Kumar and Ajeet
Singh Bhadoria for providing statistical analyses.
Corresponding author: Viniyendra Pamecha, Liver Transplantation & Hepato-Pancreatico-
Biliary Surgery, Institute of Liver & Biliary Sciences, D1, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi 110070, India
Phone: +91 9540946803 E-mail: viniyendra@yahoo.co.uk
Experimental and Clinical Transplantation (2018)
ArtIcle
DOI: 10.6002/ect.2017.0138