Er-DOPED POROUS SILICON LED FOR INTEGRATED
OPTOELECTRONICS
L. Tsybeskov, G. F. Grom, K. D. Hirschman, H. A. Lopez, S. Chan and P. M. Fauchet
Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY;
V. P. Bondarenko
Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics, Minsk, Belarus.
ABSTRACT
Porous silicon (PSi) was doped by Er using electromigration from a solution and
converted to Er-doped silicon-rich silicon oxide (SRSO:Er) by partial thermal oxidation at 600-
950°C following densification at 1 100°C in an inert atmosphere. Room-temperature
photoluminescence (PL) at -1.5 gtm is intense and decreases by less than 20% from 12 K to
300 K. The PL spectrum of SRSO:Er reveals no luminescence bands related to Si-bandedge-
recombination, point defects or dislocations, and shows that the Er3+ centers are the most
efficient radiative recombination centers. A light-emitting diode (LED) with an active layer
made of SRSO:Er was manufactured using a pre-oxidation cleaning step to increase the quality
of the interface between SRSO:Er and the top electrode. Room temperature electroluminescence
at -1.5 gim was demonstrated.
INTRODUCTION
The realization of practical optoelectronic integrated circuits could lead to important
applications such as chip-to-chip interconnects, parallel processing and the integration of
photonics on silicon chips. Erbium-doped silicon (Si:Er) has been the subject of extensive
investigations since the 1980s when low-temperature luminescence at 1.5 Rim was reported [1].
Recently, room-temperature luminescence from Si-based materials doped by Er has been
demonstrated in: c-Si co-implanted by oxygen (Si:O:Er) [2]; semi-insulating polycrystalline Si
(SIPOS) [3]; amorphous Si (a-Si) [4]; and porous Si (PSi), prepared by electrochemical
etching of c-Si. In the case of PSi, erbium has been incorporated through ion implantation [5]
or electroplating [6]. It has been suggested that the recombination of spatially confined
electron-hole pairs in Si-nanograins, which is responsible for the visible luminescence in PSi
[7, 8], promotes efficient energy transfer and excitation of Er ions incorporated in Si
nanoclusters [5,6]. The alternative model suggests that the Er'÷ luminescence is mediated by
photocarriers in the amorphous Si:O:H or Si:O-matrix produced by a thermal oxidation of PSi
[9]. Recently, photo-(PL) and electroluminescence (EL) has been reported in partially oxidized
PSi, but no evidence of the charge transfer mechanism related to Si nanocrystals has been
found [10]. The purpose of this work is to study light-emitting properties of Er+ doped Si-rich
silicon oxide SRSO(Er) and to develop a prototype of a SRSO(Er)-based light-emitting device
(LED).
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
In this work the samples were produced by anodic etching of boron-doped c-Si wafers
with a resistivity p = 1 - 0.05 Q cm in an HF-ethanol solution (1:1) under a current density J =
2-20 mA/cm2. The thickness of the PSi layers varies from 0.5 to 5 gim with porosities from
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Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 486 © 1998 Materials Research Society