Photoluminescence Excitation Dependence in Three-Dimensional Si/SiGe Nanostructures
Eun-Kyu Lee
1
, Boris V. Kamenev
1
, Theodore I. Kamins
2
, Jean-Marc Baribeau
3
, David J.
Lockwood
3
, and Leonid Tsybeskov
1
1
Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102
2
Quantum Science Research, Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, Palo Alto, CA, 94304
3
Instutute for Microstructural Sciences, National Research Council, Ottawa, K1A 0R6, Canada
ABSTRACT
We find that in SiGe clusters grown on Si using Stranski-Krastanov (S-K) growth mode,
(i) photoluminescence (PL) spectra, (ii) PL lifetime and (iii) PL thermal quench activation
energies exhibit strong dependence on the excitation intensity. Under PL excitation intensity
increasing from 1 to 10
4
W/cm
2
, the PL spectra exhibit blue shift from below Ge bandgap up to
~970 meV. The PL lifetime shows strong dependence on the detection wavelength, decreasing
from 20 s at ~0.8 eV to 200 ns at ~ 0.9 eV. The process of PL thermal quench has two clearly
distinguished activation energies. At low temperature, small (~15 meV) and excitation-
independent activation energy is attributed to exciton thermal dissociation. At higher
temperature, excitation-dependent PL thermal quench activation energy (increasing from ~ 120
to 340 meV as excitation intensity increases) is found, and it is attributed to hole redistribution
via tunneling and/or thermal ionization over the Si/SiGe valence band energy barrier.
INTRODUCTION
Three-dimensional (3D) Si/SiGe nanostructures grown in Stranski-Krastanov (S-K)
growth mode have attracted significant attention for the potential application in CMOS-
compatible light emitters operating at 1.3-1.6 m spectral range [1-4]. The fabrication of Ge-rich
SiGe cluster embedded in Si matrix is expected to enhance photoluminescence (PL) efficiency at
elevated temperatures by localizing carriers within the confinement barriers [3, 5]. However, the
radiative recombination in these structures remains extremely slow due to the spatially indirect
confinement of electrons and holes, i.e., type-II band alignment at the interface [3, 6].
In this work, we report exciation dependence in the spectra, lifetime and thermal
quenching activation energies of PL originating from S-K SiGe clusters. We find correlation
between the observed PL spectra blue shift as excitation intensity increases and lifetime
shortening at high detection energies. Our results from temperature dependent PL measurements
can be understood by considering excitation dependent competition between carrier phonon-
assisted tunneling and thermionic emission over the valence band confinement barrier.
EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS
The samples investigated in this work were prepared in a load-locked, single-wafer,
lamp-heated chemical vapor deposition (CVD) reactor in a H
2
ambient. The Si substrates were
15–25 •cm Si (100) wafers, on which an undoped, 400-nm-thick Si buffer layer was grown.
The Ge clusters were grown at 600 using GeH
4
in H
2
, with a total reactor pressure of 1.33
kPa. The Si separating layers between cluster layers were deposited using SiH
4.
Ten-pairs of
Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 958 © 2007 Materials Research Society 0958-L03-05