International Journal of Scientific Reports | June 2024 | Vol 10 | Issue 6 Page 188 International Journal of Scientific Reports Ogunlayi AC et al. Int J Sci Rep. 2024 Jun;10(6):188-194 http://www.sci-rep.com pISSN 2454-2156 | eISSN 2454-2164 Original Research Article Assessing the diagnostic impact of P63, PSA and BCL-2 proteins in premalignant and malignant prostate tissues Aderonke C. Ogunlayi 1 , Victor O. Ekundina 1 , Adedapo O. Kehinde 2 *, Linus A. Enye 3 , Adegoke O. Aremu 1 INTRODUCTION Prostate cancer (CaP) is increasingly acknowledged as one of the major health issues affecting the male community as a whole, and 6% of all cancer-related fatalities among males are attributable to the condition. 1 The incidence and death of CaP increase with age, hereditary features like as race, diets high in animal fat and exposure to heavy metals all provide credence to the hypothesis that external variables may play a substantial role in the development of CaP. 2 Men over the age of 65 account for more than 65% of instances of CaP, which typically affects older men. 3 Native Japanese and Chinese people have a decreased risk of CaP incidence as well as death; nevertheless, the ABSTRACT Background: Prostate cancer (CaP) is increasingly becoming a major health issue affecting men as cancer-related fatalities are attributable to the condition. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) diagnostic criteria can help in gene-targeted therapy and help reduce its prevalence. This study is to assess the diagnostic impact of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), P63 and BCL-2 antibodies in CaP. Method: A case-controlled retrospective study was carried out on eighty (80) prostrate tissue blocks retrieved from the pathology archive of Ekiti State university teaching hospital Ado Ekiti. IHC analysis of the selected antibodies was carried out and also stained with haematoxylin and eosin (H and E) for second opinion and confirmation. Results: The study showed that all the CaP samples had 100% positivity with varying reactivity to the IHC biomarkers; PSA had 100% positivity and MPR of 94% due to its multiple weaknesses as a biomarker p63 is a basal cells marker. Conclusions: The expressions of these antibodies were observed in the progression of CaP. Although these markers are useful in predicting the progression from benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) to CaP, none of them can be utilised in isolation to a conclusion. Hence, they should be used in conjunction with one another to make up for their limitations. The immunohistochemical markers are beneficial in CaP diagnosis. Keywords: Prostrate cancer, BPH, Immunohistochemistry, PSA, P63, BCL-2, MPR 1 Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado- Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria 2 Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Achievers University, Idasen-owo, Ondo State, Nigeria 3 Department of Anatomy Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria Received: 05 March 2024 Revised: 12 April 2024 Accepted: 16 April 2024 *Correspondence: Dr. Adedapo O. Kehinde, E-mail: kehindeadedapo@achievers.edu.ng Copyright: © the author(s), publisher and licensee Medip Academy. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-2156.IntJSciRep20241315