Case Report The Solitary Variant of Mandibular Intraosseous Neurofibroma: Report of a Rare Entity Pavan Kumar Gujjar, 1 Jayadev M. Hallur, 1 Shruthi T. Patil, 2 Shylaja Mysore Dakshinamurthy, 1 Mayura Chande, 3 Treville Pereira, 3 and Jyoti Zingade 2 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Narsinhbhai Patel Dental College and Hospital, Visnagar, Gujarat 384315, India 2 Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Narsinhbhai Patel Dental College and Hospital, Visnagar, Gujarat 384315, India 3 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, D. Y. Patil School of Dentistry, Nerul, Navi Mumbai 400706, India Correspondence should be addressed to Pavan Kumar Gujjar; jyopavan2612@gmail.com Received 7 September 2015; Revised 19 October 2015; Accepted 25 October 2015 Academic Editor: Darko Macan Copyright © 2015 Pavan Kumar Gujjar et al. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Neurofibroma (NF) is a benign neoplasm derived from peripheral nerve cells. NF may extend either as a solitary lesion or as part of a generalized syndrome of neurofibromatosis. Intraorally, the intraosseous variant of neurofibroma is a very rare tumor. e literature provides only few cases of solitary intraosseous neurofibroma of the mandible. We report a case of 28-year-old female who was diagnosed with a solitary intraosseous neurofibroma involving the lower leſt quadrant of the mandible. e present case is rare in regard to its dimensions and its location. 1. Introduction Neurofibroma (NF) is a benign tumor of neuronal origin that occurs as a single or multiple lesion associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), which is a systemic condition caused by a germline mutation in the NF1 gene, a tumor suppressor gene located at 17q11.2 [1]. Bruce first described this term of solitary NF of oral cavity in 1954. Very few cases of solitary NF of the oral cavity have been reported in the literature [2]. WHO defines “neurofibroma as a benign tumor of the peripheral nerve sheath phenotype with mixed cellular components which includes Schwann cells, perineural hybrid cells, and intraneural fibroblasts” [3]. Only 6% of NFs occur in the oral cavity [4]. e tongue and buccal mucosa are the most common intraoral sites whereas intraosseous NFs of the mandible are very rare [5]. Here we report a case of solitary intraosseous neurofibroma of the mandible in a young female. 2. Case Report A 28-year-old female patient visited the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, with a chief complaint of swelling in the lower leſt side of the face (Figure 1). e patient gave his- tory of a slow growing swelling for 3 years with intermittent dull aching pain for the past 3 months. e swelling was ini- tially small and attained its present size gradually (Figure 2). Intraorally there was diffuse swelling extending from 33- to 37-tooth region measuring about 3 × 4 cms in size, oval in shape, and the mucosa overlying the swelling was normal. On panoramic radiography and posterior-anterior view a homogenous radioopacity surrounded by a thin uniform radiolucent border from 33 to 37 involving the mandibular canal, with no resorption of the roots, was seen (Figures 3 and 4). Incisional biopsy was done under local anaesthesia, and the specimen was submitted for histopathological examina- tion. e haematoxylin and eosin stained section revealed a benign proliferation of spindle shaped cells with wavy nuclei and collagen fibres within the myxoid stroma. A few mast cells and chronic inflammatory cells’ infiltration was observed (Figure 5). A diagnosis of neurofibroma was arrived at and immuno- histochemical staining using S-100 was done which showed positivity for nerve tissue which confirmed the diagnosis (Figure 6). Hindawi Publishing Corporation Case Reports in Dentistry Volume 2015, Article ID 520261, 4 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/520261