International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) Vol. 13, No. 2, June 2024, pp. 542~549 ISSN: 2252-8806, DOI: 10.11591/ijphs.v13i2.23778  542 Journal homepage: http://ijphs.iaescore.com Factors affecting family planning behavior among women in Samarinda, Indonesia Pipit Feriani 1,2 , Esti Yunitasari 1 , Ferry Efendi 1 , Ilya Krisnana 1 , Rini Ernawati 1,2 , Reny Mareta Sari 3 , Niken Agus Tianingrum 4 , Nurus Safaah 1,5 1 Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia 2 Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Muhammadiyah Kalimantan Timur, Samarinda, Indonesia 3 Department of Public Health, Faculty of Public Health, IIK Strada, Kediri, Indonesia 4 Department of Public Health, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Muhammadiyah Kalimantan Timur, Samarinda, Indonesia 5 Department of Maternity, Faculty of Health Science, IIK NU Indonesia, Tuban, Indonesia Article Info ABSTRACT Article history: Received Aug 16, 2023 Revised Sep 30, 2023 Accepted Oct 10, 2023 Women are considered to be the most common recipients of contraceptive methods. This study aimed to determine the most influential factors in family planning behavior among women in Samarinda, Indonesia. This study used a cross-sectional design and involved 384 women of childbearing age in the area of Samarinda Primary Health Care. Data were collected using a questionnaire to measure education, income, culture, parity, health workers, and family support for family planning. All variables were categorized and the data were analyzed using binary logistic regression. The significance level was set at 0.05. The study showed that generally respondents have good family planning behaviour (228 respondents; 59.4%) while parity, family support and culture are good in contraceptive use. It is presented that culture support (p=0.004; OR=2.081) become the most dominant factor of contraceptive use behaviour after controlled by education (p=0.047; OR=1.574), income (p=0.043; OR=0.632), parity (p=0.011; OR=0.575) and family support (p=0.025; OR=0.518). Women with a supporting culture will have better contraceptive use behavior than women who do not after controlling for education, income, parity, and family support. It is expected that harmonizing culture with health programs can encourage people to improve their health behaviors. Keywords: Behavior Culture Family planning Family support Parity This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license. Corresponding Author: Pipit Feriani Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno Street, Mulyorejo, Surabaya, East Java 60115, Indonesia Email: pipitferiani8@gmail.com 1. INTRODUCTION Family planning is crucial for empowering women and their male partners to make autonomous decisions about having children, including how many and when to have them [1], [2]. They enhance maternal and child health, decrease the frequency of unintended pregnancies and unsafe abortions, guard against sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and boost family economic well-being [3]–[5]. Additionally, family planning promotes women's sense of independence and capacity for making health decisions [6]. Due to its significance in accomplishing development goals, the United Nations (UN) has given growing and maintaining family planning utilization priority. To support couples in realizing their right to choose freely and responsibly how many children they want to have and how far apart they should have them, a focus has been made in particular on ensuring that everyone has access to a variety of safe and dependable family planning options [2].