Mod Care J. 2024 January; 21(1):e138180.
Published online 2023 October 21.
https://doi.org/10.5812/mcj-138180.
Research Article
Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Counseling on the Health
Promoting Lifestyle in Iranian Middle-Aged Women: An Experimental
Study
Mojgan Nekoei
1
, Nasser Behroozi
2
, Saeed Ghanbari
3
and Zahra Abbaspoor
1, *
1
Department of Midwifery, Menopause Andropause Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
2
Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
3
Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
*
Corresponding author: Department of Midwifery, Menopause Andropause Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Email:
abbaspoorzahra7@gmail.com
Received 2023 June 11; Revised 2023 August 16; Accepted 2023 August 28.
Abstract
Background: Various psychological, social, and biological factors affect the lifestyles of middle-aged women, and unhealthy
lifestyles are primary concerns, according to the World Health Organization. Mindfulness counseling has emerged as a widely used
approach to modifying and improving lifestyles.
Objectives: This study assessed the effectiveness of mindfulness-based counseling on the health-promoting lifestyle in Iranian
middle-aged women.
Methods: An experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest design and a control group involving 48 middle-aged
women who were referred to Comprehensive Health Services Center No. 1 in Lordegan, Iran. The study was initiated in October
2020 and finished in February 2021. The first step was to recruit women through convenience sampling and then randomly assign
them to the intervention (n = 24) and control (n = 24) groups. The intervention group received mindfulness counseling from a
trained midwife once a week for 8 weeks. Walker’s health-promoting lifestyle profile II (HPLP II) was completed at the beginning of
the study and 4 weeks after the intervention. Independent and paired t-tests, chi-square, and Fisher’s exact tests were used for data
analysis in SPSS v. 24. Statistical significance was attributed to a P-value of less than 0.05.
Results: Before any intervention, no notable difference was detected in the average health promotion lifestyle in the intervention
(113.04 ± 24.05) and control (109.41 ± 15.68) groups (P = 0.539) and the dimensions of both groups (P > 0.05). However, the
intervention group showed a significantly higher mean (151.66 ± 14.01) for the health-promoting lifestyle than the control group
(107.75 ± 12.27) following the counseling sessions (P < 0.001).
Conclusions: Enhancing the health-promoting lifestyle and, subsequently, the quality of life of middle-aged women can be
achieved through mindfulness counseling. Therefore, the administration of group counseling incorporating mindfulness
techniques is recommended for this population.
Keywords: Counseling, Lifestyle, Health Promotion, Middle Aged, Mindfulness
1. Background
Middle age is a significant phase in a woman’s life,
typically spanning from 40 to 60 years of age (1). According
to a report from the Statistical Centre of Iran, 23% of
Iranian women are middle-aged (2). Middle-aged women
are usually exposed to several health conditions, including
physical changes such as decreased physical ability and
visual acuity, as well as alterations in their overall health
status (3). Additionally, they may experience a decline in
self-confidence, a sense of diminished control over their
lives, decreased well-being and self-worth, and a higher
prevalence of depression and psychological problems (4).
Unhealthy lifestyles are another major concern, as
highlighted by the World Health Organization (WHO). The
WHO reports that 60% of global deaths and 80% of deaths
in developing countries are attributed to unhealthy
lifestyle choices. These statistics are projected to reach
75% of the global mortality by 2030 (5). Individuals
are encouraged to adopt a health-promoting lifestyle
to mitigate this trend; this lifestyle is characterized
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