Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, 2019, 7, 212-231
http://www.scirp.org/journal/gep
ISSN Online: 2327-4344
ISSN Print: 2327-4336
DOI: 10.4236/gep.2019.75017 May 30, 2019 212 Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection
Qualitative Assessment and Typology of the
Water Resource Used for the Production of
Drinking Water in Duékoué, Western Côte
d’Ivoire
Kouamé Kouakou Benoit
1
, Konan Kouakou Séraphin
1
, Attoungbre Kouakou Severin
2
,
Konan Koffi Félix
2
, Boussou Koffi Charles
2
, Kouamé Kouamé Martin
2
1
Laboratory of Geosciences and Environment, University Jean Lorougnon Guédé, Daloa, Côte d’Ivoire
2
Laboratory of Ecology, Biodiversity and Evolution, University Jean Lorougnon Guédé, Daloa, Côte d’Ivoire
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the typology of water through phy-
sicochemical and bacteriological characterization with the aim of highlighting
its vulnerability as a drinking water resource. The methodology adopted was
to evaluate the level of pollution by monitoring the spatiotemporal variation
of the water pollution indicator levels of Lake Dohou. The sampling frequen-
cy is monthly for one year, from November 2017 to October 2018, in order to
obtain a fairly representative image of water quality and its seasonal evolution
in eight (8) well-defined stations. The parameters were determined using the
standard methods defined by the French Association for Standardization
(AFNOR). This study shows that the waters are acidic, with an average pH of
5.81 and a low electrical conductivity of between 42.67 ± 4.30 and 59.62 ±
21.84 μS∙cm
−1
. At all stations, seasonal mean water transparencies are low (<1
m). It is also noted that 99.7% of the water samples collected had total nitro-
gen (TN) levels above the limit of 4 mg∙L
−1
. All of the lake’s waters have
non-compliant BOD5 (<3 mgO
2
∙L
−1
) for raw water intended for the produc-
tion of drinking water. Sites D6 and D7 have COD/BOD5 ratio greater than 3,
which indicates the presence of non-biodegradable organic matter in these
areas. Total coliforms, Escherichia coli and Enterococci were present in 100%
(28/28) water samples at concentrations ranging from 2300 to 173,000 CFU/100
mL, from 100 to 1650 CFU/100 mL and from 20 to 1140 CFU 1/100 mL re-
spectively. For Salmonella pathogens, they were detected in 50% of the dry
season samples and in 100% of the rainy season samples. This almost perma-
nent presence of this pathogenic germ denotes a poor quality of water with
reference to this parameter. The presence of total coliform and other micro-
How to cite this paper: Benoit, K. K.,
Séraphin, K. K., Severin, A. K., Félix, K. K.,
Charles, B. K., & Martin, K. K. (2019).
Qualitative Assessment and Typology of
the Water Resource Used for the Produc-
tion of Drinking Water in Duékoué, West-
ern Côte d’Ivoire. Journal of Geoscience
and Environment Protection, 7, 212-231.
https://doi.org/10.4236/gep.2019.75017
Received: March 26, 2019
Accepted: May 27, 2019
Published: May 30, 2019
Copyright © 2019 by author(s) and
Scientific Research Publishing Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative
Commons Attribution International
License (CC BY 4.0).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Open Access