VIEWPOINTS PAPERS www.jogh.org • doi: 10.7189/jogh.12.04094 1 2022 • Vol. 12 • 04094 Mapping national information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure to the requirements of potential digital health interventions in low- and middle-income countries Electronic supplementary material: The online version of this article contains supplementary material. © 2022 The Author(s) JoGH © 2022 ISoGH Cite as: Yan Hui C, Abdullah A, Ahmed Z, Goel H, Monsur Habib GM, Teck Hock T, Khandakr P, Mahmood H, Nau- tiyal A, Nurmansyah M, Panwar S, Patil R, Rinawan FR, Salim H, Satav A, Shah JN, Shukla A, Tanim CZH, Balharry D, Pinnock H. Mapping national information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure to the requirements of potential digital health interventions in low- and middle-income countries. J Glob Health 2022;2:04094. Chi Yan Hui 1 , Adina Abdulla 2 , Zakiuddin Ahmed 3 , Himanshi Goel 4 , G M Monsur Habib 5 , Toh Teck Hock 6 , Parisa Khandakr 7 , Hana Mahmood 8 , Animesh Nautiyal 9 , Mulya Nurmansyah 10 , Shweta Panwar 4 , Rutuja Patil 1,11 , Fedri Ruluwedrata Rinawan 10 , Hani Salim 12 , Ashish Satav 13 , Jitendra Nandkumar Shah 13,14 , Akshita Shukla 4 , Chowdhury Zabir Hossain Tanim 15 , Dominique Balharry 1 , Hilary Pinnock 1 ; the RESPIRE Group 1 NIHR Global Health Research Unit on Respiratory Health (RESPIRE), Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK 2 Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 3 Riphah Institute of Healthcare Improvement & Safety and Secretary, Islamabad, Pakistan 4 Centre for Technology Alternatives for Rural Areas (CTARA), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India 5 Bangladesh Primary Care Respiratory Society (BPCRS), Khulna, Bangladesh 6 Clinical Research Centre, Sibu Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 7 Medinova Medical Services Ltd, Dhaka, Bangladesh 8 Neoventive Solutions, Islamabad, Pakistan 9 Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India 10 Departmentof Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia 11 Vadu Rural Health Program, King Edward Memorial Hospital Research Centre Pune, India 12 Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 13 MAHAN Trust, Mahatma Gandhi Tribal Hospital, Maharashtra, India 14 Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India 15 Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College Hospital, Sylhet, Bangladesh Correspondence to: Hilary Pinnock Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh Doorway 3, Medical School, Teviot Place Edinburgh United Kingdom Tel: 0131 650 8102 Fax: 0131 650 9119 hilary.pinnock@ed.ac.uk Background: Digital health can support health care in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) by overcoming prob- lems of distance, poor infrastructure and the need to provide community practi- tioners with specialist support. We used five RESPIRE countries as exemplars (Ban- gladesh, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Paki- stan) to identify the digital health solu- tions that are valuable in their local setting, worked together with local clinicians and researchers to explore digital health pol- icy, electricity/ICT infrastructure, and socio-cultural factors influencing users’ ability to access, adopt and utilise digital health. Methods: We adopted the Joanna Briggs Institute’s scoping review protocol and fol- lowed the Cochrane Rapid Review method to accelerate the review process, using the Implementation and Operation of Mobile Health projects framework and The Ex- tended Technology Acceptance Model of Mobile Telephony to categorise the results. We conducted the review in four stages: (1) establishing value, (2) identifying digi- tal health policy, (3) searching for evidence of infrastructure, design, and end-user adoption, (4) local input to interpret rele- vance and adoption factors. We used open- source national/international statistics such as the World Health Organization, Interna- tional Telecommunication Union, Groupe Speciale Mobile, and local news/articles/ government statistics to scope the current status, and systematically searched five da- tabases for locally relevant exemplars.