How to cite: Lu Y, Karanikas N, Carroll JA. A Scoping Review of Integrating Occupational Health and Safety and Workplace Health Promotion Interventions. J Hum Environ Health Promot. 2024; 10(4): 179-90. A Scoping Review of Integrating Occupational Health and Safety and Workplace Health Promotion Interventions Yanming Lu a * | Nektarios Karanikas a | Julie-Anne Carroll a a. School of Public Health and Social Work, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, Australia. *Corresponding author: School of Public Health and Social Work, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, Australia. Postal Code: 4059. E-mail: yanming.lu@hdr.qut.edu.au ARTICLE INFO Article type: Review article Article history: Received: 1 September 2024 Revised: 22 September 2024 Accepted: 6 October 2024 © The Author(s) https://doi.org/10.61186/jhehp.10.4.179 Keywords: Occupational health and safety Health promotion Integrated approach Implementation Workplace ABSTRACT Background: Growing evidence supports the integration of occupational health and safety and workplace health promotion approaches. However, the triggers and the methods for planning and implementing such approaches remain vastly unclear. This scoping review aimed to address this gap in the literature. Methods: This review searched 43 databases (e.g. PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, all EBSCOhost databases). Of the 7,142 results identified initially, systematic screening protocols led to the inclusion of 13 articles meeting the objectives of this review. Results: Of the 13 articles included, five focused on physical activity interventions. Ten articles first set specific work-related issues to be addressed. Five articles highlighted the necessity of understanding the influence of pre-existing knowledge in the interventions of integrated approaches and the heterogeneity of mental perceptions among workers. Five articles acknowledged that tailoring and flexibility of integrated approaches were key success factors, and nine articles reported the benefits of utilizing online platforms to implement integrated approaches. Conclusion: Future integrated interventions should consider not only tailoring, flexibility, and delivery modality but also the appropriate level of outcome changes to suit the actual needs of workers. Intervention researchers should consider more consistently how to enhance intervention sustainability and scalability. Further research is also required on work-related issues other than physical activity. 1. Introduction In the context of advancing worker health, safety, and wellbeing, occupational health and safety (OHS) and workplace health promotion (WHP) serve different yet complementary functions. Grounded in implementation science, OHS seeks to prevent work-related diseases and injuries by reducing ergonomic, psychosocial, and material risks (e.g. physical, chemical, biological) of the work environments (Baker et al., 1996; Crane et al., 2019). Conversely, WHP primarily aims to provide health education and/or modify individual lifestyle factors to promote health behavior change and contribute to the mitigation of non- communicable diseases (e.g. obesity, cardiovascular diseases) in workers (Baker et al., 1996; Crane et al., 2019). An integrated approach that includes both OHS and WHP has been recommended by researchers and practitioners for the past few decades (Biswas et al., 2022; Biswas et al., 2021; Cooklin et al., 2017). Such an approach coordinates activities in ways that core efforts of OHS and WHP coexist, each influencing and informing one another (Biswas et al., 2021; Cooklin et al., 2017). Notable benefits of workplace- integrated approaches, compared to a single WHP or OHS intervention, have been evidenced in the growing literature, such as increasing intervention participation, successful chronic disease prevention and management, reduction of occupational injuries and disabilities, saving of healthcare and social costs, and improved worker productivity and