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International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7 (4.37) (2018) 33-38
International Journal of Engineering & Technology
Website: Www.Sciencepubco.Com/Index.Php/IJET
Research Paper
Investigation of Wind Energy to Generate Electric Power and its
Role to Reduce Environmental Pollution in Iraq
Shadan Kareem Ameen
1*
, Murad Saeed Sedeeq
2
, Ali Bolatturk
3
1
Department of Environmental and Pollution Engineering, Northern Technical University, Kirkuk, Iraq
2
Department of Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineering, Northern Technical University, Kirkuk, Iraq
3
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta 32260, Turkey
*Corresponding author E-mail: Ameenshadan@gmail.com
Abstract
Wind energy is one of the renewable energy that has been widely used round the world which is abundant, renewable, and generally
available. The present paper established to study the possibility of generating electric power by wind turbines for three important cities in
Iraq located in terms of altitude from sea level and climate, namely (Mosul in north, Baghdad in middle and Basra in the south of Iraq).
The calculations depend on the hourly meteorology data’s like wind speed, wind di rection and air temperature taken from (Iraqi meteoro-
logical organization and seismology) since 2005 to 2015. Noting that, the calculations had been done for three variable types of wind
turbine found in global markets which differ in capacity, cut-in velocity, cut-off velocity, blade diameter and initial cost. The main aims
for present paper can be divide in three stages. First, it studies the possibility of using wind turbines for the selected cities. Then, it esti-
mates the amount of annual electric power generation (EPG) and it’s contribution to minimize the environmental pollution if the same
power generated by gas turbine which regarded the diffuse method in Iraq. Finally, an economic analysis is also carried out for each tur-
bine. Life cycle assessment software (SimaPro V 7.2) has been used to obtain the amount of emissions produced per kWh electricity
power by gas power plant. (P1-P2) method has been used to estimate the economic data’s for the project. The results of the research will
decide the most appropriate zone to do the projects and the best turbine to give maximum EPG and its ability to reduce emissions with
giving financial gain and payback period as an economic value to encourage the investors to apply like this project.
Keywords: Environmental pollution, electric power generation, financial gain, life cycle assessment, payback period, wind turbine, wind speed.
1. Introduction
The increasing demand for energy due to population growth and
urbanization are led to an unexpected rise in fuel prices over the
past decade. This does not affect to the fuel prices alone, but leads
to increase air pollution and climate change also and it becomes
one of the reasons that threaten the world. As expected future,
energy consumption round the world will increase approximately
by 56% in 2040s and most of these demands will met by fossil
fuel (Gopalakrishnan et al., 2014). So, it was necessary to find
alternative energy sources to reduce or eliminate the excessive
greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, many countries have en-
couraged the use of clean energy, like renewable energies (Bakos,
2000). Wind energy is one of the renewable energy that has been
widely used round the world which is abundant, renewable, and
generally available. It has been used before 4000 years ago to
power sail boats, grain pump water for farms and recently gener-
ate electric power. The development of wind turbines happened as
a result of the energy crises in the 1970s (Cengel and Boles, 2015).
There are several classifications for wind turbine, but mainly it
can be classified into two types depending on the axis of rotation
namely horizontal axis and vertical axis wind turbines. The hori-
zontal axis with propeller blades is the most common one which
works more efficiently from other type (Saad and Asmuin, 2014).
Iraq is one of the countries that intend to use wind turbine to elim-
inate its environmental pollution. Because of the availability of
natural gas in this country, most of the power plants
operate by gases. Gas turbines have lots of emissions of green-
house gases from the chimney, the largest proportion of the gases
emitted from these turbines are CO2 which is responsible for the
problem of global warming and H2S which is considered a haz-
ardous gas to human health (Ariyaratnam et al., 2013).Generally,
the climate of Iraq is described as hot and dry in summer and cool
and rainy in the winter season. The annual average variation in
wind speed and air temperature are between (2-8 m/s) and (10-45
o
C) respectively (Rasham, 2017). There are numerous studies
about this feild. In Spain (Torres et al., 2005) used a model of
autoregressive moving average process to forecast hourly wind
speed and its relationship to topographic of earth surface and tilt-
ing to the persistence and its impact on the wind power. (Sedaghat
et al., 2017) conducted a determination about wind speed for max-
imum annual energy production (AEP) of different speed wind
turbines in Iran based on the relationship between AEP and the
produced capacity value. They concluded that the suitable value
for rated wind speed is higher than the natural value. (Qin et al.,
2017) examined the offshore wind energy storage for the cost of
rated power saving, based on investigation of compressed air en-
ergy stage (CAES) and hydraulic power transmission (HPT) sys-
tem. They concluded that CAES+HPT can lead substantial saving
about 21.6% for 20 years life time. (Akour et al., 2018) conducted
a theoretical and practical study on the possibility of using micro
wind turbine for the regions that have low wind speed. The study
was based on design and implement new wind for two locations in
UAE. The results showed that the new design is more cost effec-
tive and more wind energy is harnessed by using the swept area