Case Report Volume 8 • Issue 4 206 Affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Al Ahli Hospital, Be'er Almahjar, Hebron, Palestine *Corresponding author: Bassil Leghrouz, Department of Pediatrics, Al Ahli Hospital, Be'er Almahjar, Hebron, Palestine. Citation: Bassil Leghrouz, Juhina Hasassneh. Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome secondary to Entamoeba histolytica Intestinal Infection: A Case Report. Journal of Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health. 8 (2024): 206-209. Received: October 16, 2024 Accepted: October 23, 2024 Published: October 30, 2024 Abstract Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a rare disease that presents with a triad of microangiopathic heamolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute kidney injury, HUS is most often related to acquired causes such as intestinal infection mainly due to Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (ЅТEС), which is the most frequently observed cause. Entamoeba histolytica is a protozoan parasite known to cause intestinal infection, and it is rarely reported to be complicated with HUS. We present here a case of a 3-year-old child with E. histolytica infection, which is complicated with HUS. The child initially complained of fever, abdominal pain, and bloody diarrhea, but the condition was complicated with rectal prolapse and HUS. Stool samples revealed the presence of Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites, other common pathogens related to HUS were negative. The patient's kidney function deteriorated to the point of requiring hemodialysis for two days. Fortunately, her condition improved, and she was discharged home in good general condition after a few days. This case shows an uncommon HUS secondary to intestinal infection by Entamoeba histolytica, which is infrequently described. It is important to recognize HUS as a potential complication of E. histolytica infection, and further research is needed to understand the mechanisms linking both conditions. Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome secondary to Entamoeba Histolytica Intestinal Infection: A Case Report Bassil Leghrouz * and Juhina Hasassneh Keywords: E. Histolytica; Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome; HUS; Rectal prolapse Background Entamoeba histolytica is a protozoan known to cause intestinal amebiasis and other extraintestinal diseases. Although 90% of E. histolytica infections are asymptomatic, it has been estimated that almost 50 million people worldwide become ill yearly due to this infection, which results in around 100,000 deaths each year [1]. Very few reports describe the association between Entamoeba infection and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) [2]. HUS is typically characterized by a triad of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute kidney injury, induced by thrombi formation in the small vessels, leading to end-organ damage [3]. Children who develop HUS usually begin by manifesting infection-related symptoms such as crampy abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea, and fever followed by paleness and jaundice because of hemolysis, also high blood pressure can