IBIMA Publishing
International Journal of Veterinary Medicine: Research & Reports
http://www.ibimapublishing.com/journals/IJVMR/ijvmr.html
Vol. 2015 (2015), Article ID 429690, 8 pages
DOI: 10.5171/2015.429690
_____________
Cite this Article as: Camille-marie Coomansingh, Michael Yabsley, Nannette Wagner, Rhonda Pinckney,
Muhammad I. Bhaiyat, Alfred Chikweto, Calum Macpherson and Paul J. Fields (2015), " Meta-Analysis of the
Prevalence of Dirofilaria Immitis in Dogs from Grenada, West Indies", International Journal of Veterinary
Medicine: Research & Reports, Vol. 2015 (2015), Article ID 429690, DOI: 10.5171/2015.429690
Research Article
Meta-Analysis of the Prevalence of Dirofilaria
Immitis in Dogs from Grenada, West Indies
Camille-marie Coomansingh
1
, Michael Yabsley
2
, Nannette Wagner
3
, Rhonda
Pinckney
4
, Muhammad I. Bhaiyat
5
, Alfred Chikweto
6
, Calum Macpherson
7
and Paul J.
Fields
8
1,2,3,4,5,6,7
School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George’s University, True Blue, Grenada, West Indies
8
Windward Islands Research and Educational Foundation, St. George’s University, Grenada, West Indies
Correspondence should be addressed to: Camille-marie Coomansingh; ccoomansingh@sgu.edu
Received date: 3 August 2014; Accepted date: 23 October 2014; Published date: 24 July 2015
Academic Editor: Alparslan Yildirim
Copyright © 2015. Camille-marie Coomansingh, Michael Yabsley, Nannette Wagner, Rhonda Pinckney,
Muhammad I. Bhaiyat, Alfred Chikweto, Calum Macpherson and Paul J. Fields. Distributed under
Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0
Introduction
Dirofilaria immitis is the cause of heartworm
disease in many domestic animal species but
primarily in dogs. The parasite is restricted
geographically mainly to regions with warm
climatic conditions including Curacao,
Trinidad, Brazil and Malaysia as 130 growing
degree days (GDD) is required for L3
development which is demonstrated to take
8-10 days at 28-30oC, 11-12 days at 24oC,
16-20 days at 22oC and arrested
development below 14oC (Cancrini and
Gabrielli, 2007; Genchi et al., 2009).
Abstract
A comparison of several individual studies was made in order to determine the statistical
significance for the prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs (n=1245) in Grenada, using
necropsy and different ELISA test kits. The overall prevalence was estimated to be 17% in a
study of live dogs, 12% in a study of necropsied dogs, and 14% when combining the studies
using meta-analysis. There was no evidence of infection in dogs less than 6 months of age and
no statistical difference (P>0.50) between male and female dogs. The prevalence reported is the
cause for concern particularly since Dirofilaria immitis in dogs were found in all parishes in
Grenada, favorable climatic conditions exist for vector-borne transmission, there is only
sporadic use of preventatives, and there is an almost complete lack of public knowledge of the
zoonotic potential of this filarial parasite in Grenada.
Keywords: Dirofilaria immitis, Meta-analysis, Prevalence, Grenada.