Universal Journal of Civil Engineering https://ojs.wiserpub.com/index.php/UJCE/ Copyright ©2023 Osama Hussien. DOI: https://doi.org/10.37256/ujce.2120231750 This is an open-access article distributed under a CC BY license (Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Volume 2 Issue 1|2023| 1 of 9 Universal Journal of Civil Engineering Research Article Design of Short Wall Timber Formworks Using New Formulas Osama Hussien* Civil Engineering Department, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt Email: dreng134@yahoo.com Received: 26 July 2022; Revised: 27 December 2022; Accepted: 29 December 2022 Abstract: The construction of reinforced concrete requires formwork, whether from timber, steel, or any other material. Generally, formwork accounts for 20% to 25% of a project's cost. This research aims to come up with new formulas that can guide the engineer in designing timber formwork in a safe, easy, and economical manner. By using the statistical analysis program in this study, we calculated the spacings of studs, wales, and ties in a faster manner than the traditional method by analysing the results of bending, shear, deflection, crushing, etc. The results of the study involve the effects of placement rate, concrete temperature, sheathing thickness, pressure values, and stud and wale sections on the spacing of components of the formwork. There are seven equations built to calculate the spacings of individual components. Keywords: Formwork; Casting rate; Short wall; Pressure value 1. Introduction Because the fresh concrete exerts pressure on the wall forms, the latter transferred the pressure through the sheathing, studs, and wales to the tension ties connecting the two sides. The sheathing is often plywood, the studs support the sheathing, and the double wales are long horizontal members that support the studs, often constructed from steel or wood. Moreover, washer plates attached to ties support the wales. During the wall formwork design, there are three stages: the first is determining the spacings between the studs, and this stage requires checking three factors, i.e., bending, shear and deflection. The second is determining the spacings between wales, and four factors must be checked, i.e., bending, shear, deflection, and crushing; it is the last stage where ties are arranged, and for this, the following five factors are examined, i.e., bending, shear, deflection, bearing and load on the tie. The main objective of this study is to present one equation for each stage of the design process and to analyse the effects of concrete temperature, rate of placement, pressure value, sheathing thickness, and studs in the design of wall formwork. Piechna (2016) [1], Rajeshkumar and Sreevidya (2019) [2], and Radziejowska and Sobotka (2020) [3] covered criteria that could be used to selecting a formwork system and discussed their significance when selecting one. According to time and cost, Deshmukh and Shalgar (2016) [4] compared two methods of formwork (tunnel and aluminum). They concluded that the tunnel method is more advantageous than aluminum. Besides, in the research by Ansari and Kudale (2016) [5] and Kalithasan et al. (2016) [6], aluminum formwork (MIVAN Technology) was compared to conventional formwork. According to the researchers, conventional formwork is economically more advantageous than aluminum formwork. In another study, Biruk and Jaskowski (2017) [7] proposed a programming modelling approach to support the process of planning formwork, taking into account the chances of reusing panels for the next zones. Mansuri et al. (2017) [8] used Building