Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 2012, 34, 445–474.
doi:10.1017/S0272263112000149
© Cambridge University Press 2012 445
CORRECTIVE FEEDBACK AND
WORKING MEMORY CAPACITY IN
INTERACTION-DRIVEN L2 LEARNING
Jaemyung Goo
Gwangju National University of Education
The present study explores the relative efficacy of recasts over meta-
linguistic feedback on the learning of the English that-trace filter and
how working memory capacity (WMC) is related to the extent to which
learners can benefit from recasts and metalinguistic feedback. Fifty-
four Korean English as a foreign language (EFL) learners from six
intact classes at a university formed two experimental groups (recasts
and metalinguistic feedback) and one control group and carried out
two first language (L1) working memory (WM) span tasks (reading
span and operation span tasks). The two experimental groups partic-
ipated in two information gap activities over two treatment sessions,
during which they were required to ask questions involving the that-
trace filter and received corrective feedback (either recasts or meta-
linguistic feedback) on their erroneous utterances. Two dependent
variable measures (a written production test and a grammaticality
judgment test) were administered in each test session (pretest and
immediate posttest). Results showed that recasts were as effective
as metalinguistic feedback in facilitating the acquisition of the target
construction. This may, to some extent, be attributable to the blocking
of modified output opportunities specifically designed in this study to
prevent modified output from playing a potential role as a confound.
Also, individual differences in WMC significantly predicted, and thus
mediated the effects of, recasts but not metalinguistic feedback, on
I would like to thank Patrick Rebuschat and Ana Maria Nuevo for their helpful comments
on an earlier (longer) version of this article. I also thank the anonymous SSLA reviewers
for their valuable input and feedback, and the participants in the study for their time and
cooperation. Any errors are, of course, my own.
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Jaemyung Goo,
Department of English Education, Gwangju National University of Education, 55
Pilmundaero Buk-gu, Gwangju, 500-703, South Korea; e-mail: jg349@gnue.ac.kr.