46 Ronald F. Levant, Office of the Dean, The University of Akron; Stephen Graef, Department of Psy- chology, The University of Akron; K Bryant Smalley, Center for Psychological Studies, Nova Southeastern University; Christine M. Willliams, Department of Psychology, The University of Akron; and Neil McMil- lan, Department of Social Work, Kibble Education & Care Centre. Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Ronald F. Levant, Buchtel College of Arts and Sciences, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-1901. Email: levant@uakron.edu THYMOS: Journal of Boyhood Studies, Vol. 2, No. 1, Spring 2008, 46-59. © 2008 by the Men’s Studies Press, LLC. All rights reserved. http://www.mensstudies.com thy.0201.46/$12.00 DOI: 10.3149/thy.0201.46 Evaluation of the Psychometric Properties of the Male Role Norms Inventory-Adolescent (MRNI-A) RONALD F. LEVANT STEPHEN T. GRAEF The University of Akron K. BRYANT SMALLEY CHRISTINE WILLIAMS Nova Southeastern University The University of Akron NEIL MCMILLAN Kibble Education and Care Center Data were collected on samples of American (N = 172) and Scottish (N = 264) adolescents to evaluate the scale reliability and construct validity of an ado- lescent version of Levant et al.’s (1992) Male Role Norms Inventory. Results indicate that the MRNI-A showed good overall internal consistency for the scale as a whole in both samples; results for the subscales were less robust. Convergent and discriminant validity were assessed with the U.S. sample. Re- sults indicated adequate convergent validity for the MRNI-A for both boys and girls, and adequate discriminant validity for girls. Results for the dis- criminant validity of the MRNI-A for boys were not as conclusive. Consistent with research on adults, females in both samples endorsed less traditional views of masculinity than did males. Scottish adolescents endorsed less tra- ditional views of masculinity than did Americans. Keywords: masculinity ideology, male role norms, adolescents, scale valida- tion, cross sex and cross cultural comparisons Within the study of sex and gender, the acquisition of and adherence to masculine and feminine gender roles has been a topic of vigorous debate. Historically, the