206 Int. J. Business Innovation and Research, Vol. 12, No. 2, 2017 Copyright © 2017 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. Knowledge and innovation measurement in mining and life sciences sectors: study in Chile, Argentina, Peru and Colombia Mónica R. De Arteche*, Sandra Vanessa Welsh and Marina Nieves Santucci Instituto de Administración y Negocios, Universidad Argentina de la Empresa, Lima 717 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina Email: mdearteche@uade.edu.ar Email: swelsh@uade.edu.ar Email: msantucci@uade.edu.ar *Corresponding author Alejandro Flores Castro School of Business, Administration and Accounting of the Graduate School, Universidad del Pacífico, Lima, Peru Email: flores_ja@up.edu.pe Eduardo Carrillo Zambrano Centro de Investigación en Dinámica, Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga, Bucaramanga, Colombia Email: ecarrill@unab.edu.co Abstract: This study includes the application and validation of a balanced scorecard for measuring innovation and knowledge. It also includes the development of a simulator with key drivers for every sector that show the causal relationship between these indicators and the improvement of innovation levels. The research questions were: how does the organisation benefit from applying a balanced scorecard of knowledge and innovation (K&I) to measure the tangible and intangible aspects in achieving these strategies? How can organisations grow and create value through the measurement of knowledge and innovation generated? The methodology was qualitative, quantitative, and explanatory, using both a sample of 24 emblematic cases and country studies. The results show that Chile is the leader in the mining sector; Argentina is more developed in the life sciences sector; Colombia performs better in human resources and Peru is professionalising the mining enterprises.