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The Reading Teacher Vol. 69 Issue 5 pp. 533–537 DOI:10.1002/trtr.1390 © 2015 International Literacy Association
MAKING MEANING
THROUGH
TRANSLANGUAGING
IN THE LITERACY
CLASSROOM
Mark B. Pacheco
n
Mary E. Miller
S
tudents who speak languages other than
English are the fastest growing population
in schools today (National Clearinghouse
for English Language Acquisition, 2010).
The term emergent bilingual highlights the unique
strengths that these students possess: Along with
simultaneously acquiring English and making sense
of content material, emergent bilinguals also continue
to develop their heritage languages in their homes
and communities. Cummins (2005) has argued that
leveraging these students’ bilingualism can promote
their academic, cognitive, and social achievement.
Rather than limiting emergent bilinguals to the use
of a single language when making meaning in in the
classroom, translanguaging pedagogies encourage stu-
dents to draw from all of their linguistic resources
(García & Kleifgen, 2010). In this Teaching Tip, we
share three examples of pedagogies that productively
engage students’ heritage languages in the liter-
acy classroom. Each activity that we share not only
leverages students’ heritage languages for academic
achievement in English but also strives to promote
students’ emerging bilingualism.
Translanguaging is based on the idea that emer-
gent bilinguals regularly and naturally use all of their
languages to make meaning in the world (García &
Kleifgen, 2010). These languages are part of one lin-
guistic system that an individual strategically accesses
depending on the context. In the literacy classroom,
pedagogies that welcome the use of translanguaging
can help emergent bilinguals in a variety of ways, such
as facilitating access to background knowledge (Sayer,
2013); assisting with the acquisition of new vocabulary
(Cunningham & Graham, 2000); strengthening under-
standings about features of language, or metalinguistic
Mark B. Pacheco is a graduate student in the Department of Teaching and
Learning at Peabody College, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee,
USA; e-mail mark.b.pacheco@vanderbilt.edu.
Mary E. Miller is a graduate student in the Department of Teaching and
Learning at Peabody College, Vanderbilt University;
e-mail mary.e.miller@vanderbilt.edu.
TEACHING TIP