Cite this article as: Al-Waisawy, S., Kareem Abdullah, A., Hamed, H. A., Al-bakri, A. A. "Study the Effect of Water Content on the Structure of Electrochemically Prepared TiO 2 Nanotubes", Periodica Polytechnica Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2022. https://doi.org/10.3311/PPee.17586 https://doi.org/10.3311/PPee.17586 Creative Commons Attribution b | 1 Periodica Polytechnica Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Study the Effect of Water Content on the Structure of Electrochemically Prepared TiO 2 Nanotubes Sara Al-Waisawy 1* , Ahmed Kareem Abdullah 1 , Hadi A. Hamed 1 , Ali A. Al-bakri 1 1 Electrical Engineering, Al-Mussaib Technical College, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, 54003 Najaf, Babylon-Najaf street, Iraq * Corresponding author, e-mail: saraalwaisawy@atu.edu.iq Received: 25 November 2020, Accepted: 08 June 2021, Published online: 13 January 2022 Abstract In this research, the pure titanium foil was treated in glycerol base electrolyte with 0.7 wt.% NH 4 F and a small amount of H 2 O at 17 V for 2 hours by electrochemical anodization process in order to prepare Titania nanotube arrays at room temperature (~25 ºC), different water content was added to the electrolyte as a tube enhancing agent. The high density uniform arrays are prepared by using organized and well aligned these tubes. The average size of tube diameter, ranging from 57 to 92 nm which found it increases with increasing water content, and the length of the tube ranging from 2.76 to 4.12 µm, also found to increase with increasing water content and ranging in size of wall thickness from 23 to 35 nm. A possible growth mechanism is presented. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were utilized to study the structure and morphology of the Titania films. Keywords TiO 2 nanotubes, electrochemical anodization, glycerol electrolyte 1 Introduction Developing functional nanomaterials, nanodevices and nano-systems have become of fundamental interest in nano-technology. The examples of Nanodimensional structures are nanowires, nanotubes, and the nanoporous architectured materials based on semiconducting metal oxides [1]. Recently, the synthesis of nanostructured func- tional oxides depended on transition metals, where the morphology and structure are controlled, has attracted a huge attenstion due to their a broad potential applications research fields such as nanoelectronic, spintronic, fuel cells, nano-biotechnological or magneto-optoelectronic devices. These novel materials have offered a wide range of modern and enhanced mechanical, optical, magnetic and electronic properties respecting to those presented by their bulk analogues [2–5]. Actually, composing self-as- sembled nanostructures based on TiO 2 nanoporous mem- branes prepared by sol–gel coating [6], nano-imprint [7], or electrochemical processes are required great efforts [8]. An effective and low cost manufacturing techniques of nano-structured transition metal oxides which have high quality nanoporous structures over large surface areas and an accurate pore size control together with long range are focused in this work for enhancing the efficiency of devices based on nanoporous Titania ( TiO 2 ) templates [9]. The principal advantages for using pure titanium and its alloys are their high corrosion and good oxidation resis- tances, low density, high yield strength in a wide tempera- ture range and premium biocompatibility, therefore this metal has become an outstanding candidate for its applica- tion in a wide scientific and technological areas, as e.g. in micro-optoelectronic applications and transparent oxides semiconductors [10–14]. Otherwise, some of these proper- ties adequately combined with the large band gap semicon- ductor properties, a high photo-catalytic activity and an excellent biocompatibility exhibited by the TiO 2 converts it to extremely promising material for many technologi- cal and scientific fields, e.g., bio harmonious biomateri- als for bone instills [15], sensors for hydrogen transcuta- neous [16], semiconductor of memory alloy devices [17], materials for optoelectronic applications [18], gas/humid- ity or conductivity sensors [11]. 2 Experimental The pure titanium foils ( 99.7% purity, 0.5 mm in thickness) and cut off into the demand size (30 × 20 mm) have been pur- chased from Sigma. A DC power supply (Agilent E3612A)