635 635 Journal of the Spanish Institute for Strategic Studies ISSN-e: 2255-3479 Journal of the Spanish Institute for Strategic Studies no. 17 Year: 2021 - Págs.: 635 a 662 Matteo Re Professor at the Rey Juan Carlos University of Madrid E-mail: matteo.re@urjc.es Radicalisation processes in Tunisia after the Arab Spring and the Foreign Terrorist Fighters issue Abstract is article analyses the high number of individuals who left Tunisia after the Arab Spring to join a jihadi organisation in Syria or in Iraq and it at- tempts to provide some explanations for this phenomenon. e analysis begins with an overview of countries in North Africa and, afterwards, it focuses on the Tunisian case. Relative deprivation theory is used to explain the radicalisation of a part of the Tunisian population. But no single explanation can depict the real situation of the Tunisian foreign te- rrorist fighters. For this reason, we investigated multiple motivations that anyone who left Tunisia to join the jihad was driven by. e increasing presence of a certain number of Salafi organisations, and its different stra- tegy inside or outside the country, has also been analysed and considered as one of the possible causes of the worsening of the situation. Lately, one of the biggest threats in Tunisia is the return of foreign terrorist fighters. Key words Terrorism, Foreign Terrorist Fighters, Salafism, Tunisia, Jihadism Cite this article: RE, MATTEO “Radicalisation processes in Tunisia after the Arab Spring and the Foreign Terrorist Fighters issue” Journal of the Spanish Institute for Strategic Studies. 2021 no.. 17 pp. 635-662