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Harmonic Compensation in Ship Power System
Using Peak Detection Control Strategy Based Shunt
Active Power Filter
Dimitar Tsvetanov
Electrical Department
Nikola Vaptsarov Naval Academy
Varna, Bulgaria
d.tsvetanov@naval-acad.bg
Julia Djagarova
Electrical Department
Nikola Vaptsarov Naval Academy
Varna, Bulgaria
julija_d@abv.bg
Nikolay Djagarov
Electrical Department
Nikola Vaptsarov Naval Academy
Varna, Bulgaria
jagarov@ieee.bg
Frede Blaabjerg
Department of Energy Technology
Aalborg University
Aalborg, Denmark
fbl@energy.aau.dk
Georgi Enchev
Electrical Department
Nikola Vaptsarov Naval Academy
Varna, Bulgaria
g.enchev@nvna.eu
Abstract – The expanding use of non-linear loads in ma-
rine electrical systems leads to new challenges in main-
taining and enhancing the power quality and overall sys-
tem stability. One of the main problems caused is the de-
terioration of the waveform of the current and voltage.
The primary aim of this study is to examine and evaluate
the application of a shunt active power filter (SAPF) with
a peak detection control system in a shipboard power sys-
tem and the possibility of reducing the THD (total har-
monic distortion) at PCC (point of common coupling) of
the nonlinear loads. Using a proposed mathematical
model and simulation software different case studies are
presented with a comparative analysis of the power sys-
tem performance with and without the presence of SAPF.
Keywords - power quality; nonlinear loads; ship power systems;
total harmonic distortion; shunt active power filter;
I. INTRODUCTION
Marine power systems and in particular the ships power
systems are isolated power systems with specific dynamic
processes and commensurability between source and load
power ratings [1]. These attributes, coupled with the compar-
atively significant impedance during a short circuit [2] make
such power systems especially vulnerable to the power qual-
ity phenomena. In contemporary ship power systems, the de-
ployment and establishment of DC distribution grids, large
electric propulsion systems, and generally increased usage of
power converters are present [3], [4], [5], [6].
The disruptions that can affect the parameters of power
quality are both temporary (transient) and continuous
(steady-state). [7], [8]. Disturbances such as impulses, volt-
age fluctuations, voltage swell, and voltage sags are classified
as transient. Flickers, harmonic distortion, and unbalance are
classified as steady-state disturbances [9].The issue of wave-
form distortions and in particular harmonic distortion is the
subject of this paper. An array of issues can arise from the
presence of high levels of harmonic distortion. Malfunction-
ing of electrical devices, excessive heat generation, reduction
in power efficiency, measurement issues, and higher mainte-
nance and operational cost along with safety issues are typical
examples [10], [11]. The main types of devices used to deal
with these problems are passive and active power filters [12],
[13]. While the passive filters have their limitation as fixed
compensation capabilities, overcompensation of reactive
power, poor dynamics, and the potential danger of parallel
resonance occurring with the grid impedance, the active
power filters are capable to automatically adapt to the
changes in the system and the load fluctuations [13]. The pos-
sibility of voltage regulation, harmonic suppression, and re-
active power compensation makes APF highly applicable.
Fig.1 Block diagram depicting SAPF
The active power filters are categorized depending on
their topology, principle of control, converter type, and the
characteristic of compensation. The main types based on to-
pology are series, shunt (fig.1), and hybrid active power fil-
ters. The hybrid type is a combination of shunt and series
compensation and is called also universal or unified power
quality conditioner.
To deal with the issues caused by waveform distortions in
power systems SAPF (shunt active power filter) is primarily
used. The principle of the compensation of the harmonics in
the power system is in injecting equal but opposite by form-
ing compensating value of the distorted signal. In a specific
scenario where a nonlinear load is present, the active power
filter operates as a nonsinusoidal current source in order to
effectively mitigate harmonic distortion.
Depending on the system parameters and characteristics
the needed reference signal for the compensation is obtained
with various control techniques. For the needs of SAPF ref-
The study was funded by Bulgarian Research Fund, Competition for Finan-
cial Support for Basic Research Projects 2021, Project title: “Integrated wire-
less sensor networks for diagnostics of ship electrical equipment”