Uncorrected proofs - John Benjamins Publishing Company Chapter 14 What does reduplication intensify? e semantics and pragmatics of reduplicated forms in Italian and their equivalents in German Silvia Bonacchi University of Warsaw In the present paper, the semantics of reduplication forms in Italian is ana- lyzed on the basis of their intensifying pragmatic functions in regard to their base-forms (duration, graduation, modulation, disambiguation, accreditation of speaker, appeal to hearer) and to their “embodied” character (evoking gestu- ality and suprasegmentality) and compared with their possible equivalents in German. Reduplicative forms in Italian not only modify the truth-conditional value of verbal units – in the direction of a quantitative or qualitative intensifi- cation –; furthermore they express a new use-conditional (pragmatic) meaning. Reduplication is, in face-to-face-communication, therefore to be considered an important instrument of emotive communication (as strategic and intentional conveying of emotional information about feelings and attitudes towards things, events, interlocutors), used in specific contexts to express an affective register. Its main function is the modulation of affective intensity and the evocation of con- versational and emotional (affective) implicatures. Instead of reduplicated forms, German uses other language resources which produce use-conditional (prag- matic) meanings: intensifiers, intensifying prefixes, modal particles, adverbs, verbal forms. Keywords: reduplication, intensification, modulation of affective intensity, implicatures, embodied communication 1. Introduction Reduplication is an important mechanism in most languages for the creation of new words and for the modification of meaning (Pott 1863; Watts 1968; Moravcsik 1978; Skoda 1982; Antoniak 2005). It is based on the repetition of language units used as source material for the repetition (the base), which leads to a verbal “unit” with a new meaning (the reduplicant). According to the definition by Bzdęga (1965), doi 10.1075/slcs.189.15bon © 2017 John Benjamins Publishing Company