Research Article
Nail Involvement in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis in
Northern Iran
O. Zargari,
1
E. Kazemnezhad Leyli,
2
and S. Z. Azimi
3
1
Department of Dermatology, Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2
Department of Biostatistics, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
3
Department of Dermatology, Skin Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
Correspondence should be addressed to S. Z. Azimi; sz.azimi@yahoo.com
Received 31 May 2018; Revised 9 September 2018; Accepted 26 September 2018; Published 15 October 2018
Academic Editor: Ricard Cervera
Copyright © 2018 O. Zargari et al. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License,
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Background. Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) results in an increased burden of psoriasis and impairs both quality of life and an individual’s
functional capacity. e relationship between nail involvement and PsA in psoriasis is not fully characterized. Aim. To evaluate
the frequency and characteristics of nail involvement in psoriatic patients and to assess the relationship with joint involvement.
Methods. A total of 197 patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis were consecutively invited to participate in this cross-sectional
study. e patients are divided into two groups: those with and those without psoriatic arthritis. Results. 69.5% of psoriatic (137
out of 197) patients had nail involvement. e most common nail abnormality was onycholysis, followed by pitting and oil droplet
changes. Nail involvement was more common in patients with psoriatic arthritis (82.1% versus 57.8%, p=0.001). Conclusion. Nail
involvement is commonly associated with PsA. Onycholysis, splinter hemorrhage, and oil drop were significantly more common
in the PsA group as opposed to patients with just skin findings. In general, psoriatic patients with arthritis had more severe disease.
1. Introduction
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting up to 3%
of the general population. It has a substantial negative impact
on health-related quality of life (HRQOL), especially when
it involves visible areas of the body such as the face, hands,
and nails [1]. Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) has been defined as
inflammatory arthritis, usually seronegative, associated with
psoriasis [1]. e exact prevalence of PsA is unknown but up
to 30% of patients with psoriasis develop psoriatic arthritis
[2, 3].
A substantial number of psoriatic patients have nail
involvement, varying from 10% to 80%, with an estimated
lifetime incidence of 80–90% [4–6].
Nail involvement may be considered an indicator for
patients at risk for future psoriatic joint damage [7, 8];
however, this relationship has not been proven [9]. e aim
of this study was to assess the overall prevalence of nail
involvement in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis
and to achieve more details on the possible relationship
between nail psoriasis and PsA.
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Patients. is cross-sectional study was conducted from
January 2017 to December 2017. During this period, all eligible
patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis who attended to
our psoriasis clinic and were candidates for systemic therapy
were enrolled in the study. Moderate-to-severe psoriasis
was defined as body surface area (BSA) >10% or psori-
asis area and severity index (PASI) >10 [10]. e study
was approved by the Shahid Beheshti institutional board
committee. Informed consent was obtained from each sub-
ject.
A detailed history was recorded for all subjects, including
gender, age, age at the time of onset of the disease, phenotype
of psoriasis, disease duration, extent, and severity of the
disease. We diagnosed psoriasis according to the clinical
findings, and if necessary, a skin biopsy was performed. All
patients underwent dermatological examination by a derma-
tologist (O.Z.). e following nail changes were recorded:
pitting, crumbling, onycholysis, oil drop, subungual hyper-
keratosis, and splinter hemorrhage.
Hindawi
Autoimmune Diseases
Volume 2018, Article ID 4608490, 6 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4608490