Citation: El Chami, D.; El Moujabber, M. Sustainable Agriculture and Climate Resilience. Sustainability 2024, 16, 113. https://doi.org/10.3390/ su16010113 Received: 13 December 2023 Accepted: 14 December 2023 Published: 21 December 2023 Copyright: © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/). sustainability Editorial Sustainable Agriculture and Climate Resilience Daniel El Chami 1 and Maroun El Moujabber 2, * 1 TIMAC AGRO Italia S.p.A., S.P.13, Località Ca’ Nova, I-26010 Ripalta Arpina, Italy; daniel.elchami@roullier.com 2 International Centre for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies (CIHEAM Bari), Via Ceglie 9, I-70010 Valenzano, Italy * Correspondence: elmoujabber@iamb.it; Tel.: +39-080-4606-341; Fax: +39-080-4606-206 For decades, human-induced climate change has been scientifically predicted and observed to cause devastating global phenomena globally. It has also been assessed and reported under the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) umbrella. Since the beginning, adaptation, resilience, and mitigation have repeatedly been considered to be the main pillars of the response to climate change [1]. Even before anthropogenic climate change, adaptation was the central concept of evolution [2,3] since the publication of The Origin of Species by Charles Darwin because it includes all the physical, chemical, and biological mechanisms or behavioural changes by which organisms reduce their vulner- ability to their environment [4]. Yet, to manage socioeconomic aspects and behaviours and sustainable development under climate change, resilience must be combined with adaptation [5] for organisms to self-organise and adapt quickly and efficiently [4]. Agriculture, which is fundamental for human survival, integrates biology, chemistry, and physics for food and feed supplies, and agrosystems largely depend on natural and climatic processes. This dependence increases their vulnerability to climate-related risks and uncertainties, be they biotic (i.e., pests, diseases, etc.), abiotic (i.e., temperature, hu- midity, radiation, etc.), or socio-economic conditions with different impact frequencies and intensities. Nevertheless, agriculture contributes a significant share of the GHG emissions that cause climate change, drastically threatening our existence. The literature suggests that sustainable agriculture can preserve natural ecosystems and mitigate climate change. Yet, sustainable agriculture is, on one side, a transdisciplinary model that integrates adaptation practices and tools to make agrosystems more resilient [6,7]; however, on the another side, sustainable agriculture is still intensively debated in the scientific community, and there is no agreed definition. The concept is misused and misinterpreted [7]. Therefore, this Special Issue comprises a group of reviews and research papers analysing one or different aspects of agricultural resilience to climate change. The contribu- tions include: On one side, methodological reviews, such as systematic reviews and bibliometric analyses, are evidence-based and robust approaches with several applications in agrosystem and climate change science used to draw scientific conclusions for decision makers and identify the research gaps and opportunities. Thus, this book includes a systematic review assessing the tools for climate adaptation in coffee agrosystems worldwide (contribution 1) and a bibliometric network analysis determining the adaptation of global water systems to climate change (contribution 2). Conversely, these research articles explore the interconnections and trade-offs between different agriculture and agrifood practices and their adaptation and resilience capability under climate change conditions. In agrifood practices, Zahidi et al. (contribution 3) analysed the logic of proximity and its impacts on the resilience of the rose agrifood system in Kalâat M’gouna (Morocco). In addition, Alobid et al. (contribution 4) used a linear model to estimate the food shortage in Egypt and suggest the redistribution of crops in terms of production, food demand, Sustainability 2024, 16, 113. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16010113 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/sustainability