Installation of lattice girders with Toussaint–Heintzmann
yielding elements in poor ground
O Belov Oyu Tolgoi LLC, Mongolia
T Roberts Jennmar, Australia
KJ Ma Jennmar, USA
J Ooi Rio Tinto, Australia
B Baasanjav Oyu Tolgoi LLC, Mongolia
Abstract
In block cave mines, the permanent life of mine tunnels are required to withstand multiple changes in ground
stresses and remain functional for up to several decades. In block cave mines, in general, the changes in
ground stresses originate from initial induced stresses during tunnels and chamber excavations. Following
this is an increase in abutment stresses due to undercut front advancement phase. Further increase in
abutment stresses occurs due to cave growth and upward propagation. Then, the abutment stress reduction
takes place due to the cave breakthrough to the surface. It should be noted that at some mines, the ground
stresses may increase due to cave material re-compaction or due to remnant pillar loading if undercutting
was not carried out properly.
As a matter of good practice, the key requirement for a block cave mine permanent infrastructure, such as an
ore handling system, is to have it excavated and fitted out before the start of the undercutting phase. Multiple
changes in ground stresses are likely to cause large deformations in the tunnels and pose challenges to ground
support designs with the choice of ground support/reinforcement types/systems/elements, particularly if the
permanent infrastructure is situated in the poor ground due to the presence of large weak structures.
At Oyu Tolgoi mine, the tunnel stability of the haulage level is very important for the uninterrupted movement
of payload trucks delivering ore from truck chutes to crusher chambers. Affected by changes in abutment
stresses and poor ground conditions in certain sections of the tunnels, excessive drive deformations are
expected throughout the several decades of mine life in the haulage level requiring innovative ground
support/reinforcement design involving installation of fibrecrete embedded lattice girders with yielding
elements.
Keywords: steel arch, lattice girders, yielding elements, poor ground, innovative design, block cave,
permanent tunnelling infrastructure
1 Introduction
Oyu Tolgoi is a newly built large copper/gold block cave mine situated in the South Gobi region of Mongolia.
The mine utilises haulage level underneath the extraction level for moving ore by 160 t payload trucks from
several truck chutes to primary crusher chambers. From the crusher chambers, the crushed ore is transported
by conveyors to the loading station at production shaft SH2 and to conveyor to surface system, then the ore
is transported to the surface.
Drive stability in the haulage level is very important for the uninterrupted movement of 160 t payload trucks
from truck chutes to crusher chambers. A large and weak lower fault intersects a section of the haulage level
near Truck Chute #4. During the mining of the haulage level drive through the lower fault, a large fall-out
occurred from the backs of the drive. Mine-scale geotechnical modelling indicates that potential excessive
Ground Support 2023 – J Wesseloo (ed.)
© 2023 Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Perth, ISBN 978-0-6450938-5-8
Ground Support 2023, Perth, Australia 667
doi:10.36487/ACG_repo/2325_46