TEM Journal. Volume 13, Issue 2, pages 1413-1422, ISSN 2217-8309, DOI: 10.18421/TEM132-55, May 2024. TEM Journal – Volume 13 / Number 2 / 2024. 1413 Factors of Adoption of Electronic Commerce in SMEs in Mexico Gerardo Haces P 1 P, José-Melchor Medina P 1 P , Ramon-Ventura Roque P 2 P, Julio-Cesar Macias P 1 P, Hector-Gabino Aguirre P 1 P P 1 PAutonomous University of Tamaulipas, Victoria university center, Victoria, Mexico P 2 PAutonomous University of Tamaulipas, Av. de la Republica SN, Nuevo Laredo, Mexico Abstract – E-commerce has transformed the entire process of product sales between sellers and buyers, which has been of economic benefit for both parties. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the main decisive factors of this adoption, integrating aspects of Rogers' Innovation Diffusion Theory (IDT), the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) model, and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Through a quantitative method, data was collected and analyzed from 434 SMEs using a questionnaire. Findings highlight that the perceived ease and usefulness of e-commerce, influenced by perceived advantage and observability, are critical determinants in the decision to adopt these technologies. Additionally, it was found that management support and employees' knowledge of Information Technologies (IT) play a relevant role in this adoption. This study adds to the existing literature on technological adoption in SMEs, showing important insights for the northeastern region of Mexico and suggesting avenues for future research. The results are relevant for business decision-makers and public policy formulators, offering guidance on how to enhance e- commerce adoption in the SME context. Keywords – Adoption, e-commerce, SMEs, TAM model, TOE model. DOI: 10.18421/TEM132-55 34TUhttps://doi.org/10.18421/TEM132-55U34T Corresponding author: Gerardo Haces, Autonomous University of Tamaulipas, Tamaulipas, Mexico Email: 34TUghaces@uat.edu.mxU34T Received: 23 March 2024. Revised: 22 April 2024. Accepted: 06 May 2024. Published: 28 May 2024. © 2024 Gerardo Haces et al; published by UIKTEN. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 License. The article is published with Open Access at Uhttps://www.temjournal.com/ 1. Introduction Information technologies (IT) have revolutionized the small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) by significantly improving company processes, enhancing products and services, as well as enhancing operational efficiency [1]. One particularly relevant shift is the appropriation of electronic commerce (EC) by these SMEs, which has proven to be beneficial in terms of reducing operational costs and accelerating business processes. E-commerce is the activity of trading services, information or products over the web [2], offers substantial advantages to SMEs, including market expansion, increased sales revenue, operational efficiency, and more effective customer relationship management [3]. These benefits have an impact on all the business activities [4]. Several models and frameworks have been designed to provide a better understanding of the degree of electronic commerce (EC) adoption. Notable among them are the innovation diffusion model [5], the technology, organization, and environment (TOE) framework by Tornatzky and Fleischer [6], and the technology acceptance model (TAM) [7]. These conceptual approaches are fundamental for comprehending EC adoption in SMEs. According to Schneider and Perry [8], electronic commerce encompasses commercial activities conducted through the transmission of electronic data, primarily over the Internet and the World Wide Web. This definition is complemented by [2], which emphasizes the exchange of goods, services, and other information via the computer. Thus, on this issue, [9] adds that e-commerce not only benefits sellers by allowing them to access broader markets but also benefits buyers, who enjoy a greater variety of products at reduced costs. The adoption of e-commerce (EC) in SMEs has captured the attention of researchers for distinct reasons. One of them is the crucial role that SMEs play in the global economy and the transformative impact of IT on traditional business methods.