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Citation: Don-Lawson Chioma et al (2021). Determination of Heavy Metals in Salt Water Periwinkle and Fresh Water Periwinkle in
Port-Harcourt, Rivers-State. Sch Int J Chem Mater Sci, 4(1): 1-5.
Scholars International Journal of Chemistry and Material Sciences
Abbreviated Key Title: Sch Int J Chem Mater Sci
ISSN 2616-8669 (Print) |ISSN 2617-6556 (Online)
Scholars Middle East Publishers, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Journal homepage: http://saudijournals.com
Original Research Article
Determination of Heavy Metals in Salt Water Periwinkle and Fresh Water
Periwinkle in Port-Harcourt, Rivers-State
Don-Lawson Chioma, Nweneka Daniel Okechukwu, Oka Reminus
*
Department of Science Laboratory Technology, School of Science and Technology Captain Elechi Amadi Polytechnic, Rumuola, Rivers State, Captain
Elechi Amadi Polytechnic, Rumuomei 100001, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
DOI: 10.36348/sijcms.2021.v04i01.001 | Received: 26.12.2020 | Accepted: 11.01.2021 | Published: 14.01.2021
*Corresponding author: Oka Reminus
Abstract
This study of the composition of heavy metal, lead, iron, zinc and mercury in periwinkle tissues (Tympanotonosfiiscatus)
were determined from different sampling stations in Mgbuoshimini Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria, using Atomic
Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The results obtained from the analysis of salt water and fresh water periwinkle
tissues indicated lead 18.62%, iron 70.08%, mercury 11.20% and zinc 53.34% and that of fresh water periwinkle
includes 17.48%, 71.79%, mercury 10.71% and zinc 48.28% by percentage conversion. This comparative analysis
implies that the fresh water periwinkle tissues have higher concentrations of iron and zinc which can be attributed to the
dissolved mineral resources available in both salt and fresh water bodies. However, the concentrations of lead and
mercury in these water bodies are above threshold limit which is quite a potential hazard for sea foods. In conclusion,
comparison between the two water bodies showed that tissue samples from fresh water had higher concentration of
metals in relation to salt water indicating potentials for accumulation, mainly due to differences in anthropogenic
activities. Hg, Zn, Fe and Pb concentrations in tissue had values higher than the recommended limits in seafood by
FAO/WHO however, regular monitoring is required to observe perturbations. In addition, sea foods obtained from the salt
and fresh water bodies are potential sources of heavy metal poisoning, due to industrialization and non-regulatory use of
the water bodies, thus, calls for adequate legislation and proper orientation on the use and protection of water bodies
from heavy metalpoisoning.
Keyword: Periwinkle, Lead, Freshwater, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer.
Copyright © 2021 The Author(s): This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
License (CC BY-NC 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium for non-commercial use provided the original
author and source are credited.
INTRODUCTION
Human activities has resulted to the pollution
of the aquatic environment with heavy metals which has
become a worldwide problem in recent years as
reported by [3, 15] because they are indestructible and
most of them have toxic effects on organisms (biotic
andAbiotic factors). Many aquatic organisms for
example Periwinkles have the ability to accumulate and
biomagnify contaminants like heavy metals and
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in the environment.
Among environmental pollutants, metals are of
particular concern, due to their potential toxic effect and
ability to bioaccumulate in aquatic ecosystems [6].
Studies on heavy metals in rivers, lakes, fish and
sediments have been a major environmental focus
especially during the last decade and heavy metals
contamination of coastal water and sediment have been
identified as a serious pollution resulting from
industrialization according to [3, 21] Heavy metals
contamination of river water is one of the major quality
issues in fast growing cities because maintenance of
water quality and sanitation infra-structure do not
increase along with population and urbanization grow
the specially in developing countries. Heavy metals and
other fluvialcontaminantsinsuspensionor solution, do
simply flow down the stream, form complexes with
other compounds and settle to the bottom and are
ingested by plants and animals or adsorbed to the
sediment as reported by [14]. Consequently, aquatic
organisms may acquire heavy metals into their body as
reported by [9]. In this study, pollutants such as Hg, Pb,
Fe and Zn were considered which are capable of
bioaccumulation in the tissues of aquatic organisms.
Monitoring of levels of contaminants in environmental
receptors can include the measurement of
bioaccumulation and toxicants in the bodie so for
ganisms according to [20]. Some invertebrates
especially molluscs and crustaceans can accumulate
heavy metals in
hundredfoldsandthereforecanraisethelevelwhichmaybeo
fnosignificanceinwatertothepoint at which their tissue