Review Article OMICS International Biochemistry & Analytical Biochemistry B i o c h e m i s t r y & A n a l y t i c a l B i o c h e m i s t r y ISSN: 2161-1009 Biswas, Biochem Anal Biochem 2017, 6:1 DOI: 10.4172/2161-1009.1000313 Volume 6 • Issue 1 • 1000313 Biochem Anal Biochem, an open access journal ISSN: 2161-1009 *Corresponding author: Suparna Mandal Biswas, Agricultural and Ecological Research Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203, B.T. Road, Kolkata 700108, India, Tel: (+91)(033)25753225; Fax: (+91)(033)25753049; E-mail: suparna@isical.ac.in Received: December 01, 2016; Accepted: March 23, 2017; Published March 27, 2017 Citation: Biswas SM (2017) Optimized Analytical Techniques for Extraction and Separation of Bioactive Compounds from Diverse Plant Types. Biochem Anal Biochem 6: 313. doi: 10.4172/2161-1009.1000313 Copyright: © 2017 Biswas SM. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Abstract Bioactive compounds (BACs) from plants provide unlimited opportunities for pharmaceuticals and natural agrochemicals development due to vast diversity of secondary compounds. Successful identification and development of natural products from plants necessitates a standard and integrated approach to screen compounds which aids in determination of dose response activity. We examined Peperomia pellucida (herb with fibrous root), Cleome viscosa (herb with tap root), Piper chaba (climber) and Artocarpus lakoocha (tree). In C. viscosa plants, BACs were collected from ‘Root Exudates Trapping System’ made of Buchner funnel and conical flask, while compounds were collected from P. pellucida by a self-designed horizontal tube like glass ware with stopper and funnel at either end. BACs are extracted from stem and leaves dust of P. chaba and A. lakoocha respectively. The basic sequential steps are same included grinding of plant parts, homogenization, vacuum filtration followed by liquid-liquid extraction in which BACs were fractionated into two major phases (ethyl acetate layer and aqueous layer). The extracts were further purified into a single pure compound by repetitive running through column and subsequently followed by thin layer chromatography and finally subjected to spectral analyses (viz. MS, IR, 1 HNMR and 13 CNMR) for complete molecular characterization. A new Phenol glycoside was isolated from Peperomia pellucida and Lactam nonanoic acid was recovered from Cleome viscosa. Four major compounds were recovered from Piper chaba and Artocarpus lakoocha with remarkable bioactivity but only the important fractions are described here. These new extraction techniques will extend and enhance the usefulness of plants as renewable resources of valuable chemicals. Optimized Analytical Techniques for Extraction and Separation of Bioactive Compounds from Diverse Plant Types Suparna Mandal Biswas* Agricultural and Ecological Research Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203, B.T. Road, Kolkata, India Keywords: Bioactive compounds (BACs); Root exudates trapping system; Liquid-liquid extraction; Peperomia pellucida; Cleome viscosa; Piper chaba; Artocarpus lakoocha Introduction Bioactive compounds (BACs), otherwise known as the inherent silent tools of self-protection among plants or semio-chemicals in plants, have witnessed a dramatic increase in research in recent years. e use of BACs in different commercial sectors such as pharmaceuticals, food and agro-industries signify the need of the most appropriate and standard method to extract these compounds from plant materials [1]. It is true that development of modern chromatographic and spectrometric techniques make BACs analysis easier than before but the success still depends on the extraction methods [2]. e development of natural products from plants has been given a major research emphasis to discover biologically active chemicals and biochemical extracts [3]. In recent years, the plant kingdom has become an important source of major biofertilizers, herbicides, fungicides [4-6] etc. and display great diversity in chemical structure and activity. ese compounds may be better than synthetic agrochemicals [7] and are much safer from health and environmental point-of-view [8] and can also be used as a renewable novel compound in eco-friendly manner. Considering this ever-growing demand of plant BACs and the variations that exist among them, it is necessary to build up a holistic approach for screening these compounds. Cleome viscosa L. (Capparidaceae) is widely distributed sticky herb with yellow flowers, having strong penetrating odor and also possess several medicinal properties [9-14]. In our field study, we observed Cleome viscosa is the first and sole appearance species in the very adverse wasteland. Due to their lot of medicinal properties, wide distribution as well as first appearance in wasteland, made our interest to study the BACs from the root exudates of Cleome viscosa. Peperomia pellucida, L. HBK. belongs to the family Piperaceae. It is found mainly in South American and Asian countries. It is widely distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions and is occasionally cultivated and naturalized as weed [15-17]. is plant possesses a wide range of medicinal properties [18-21] as well as wide distribution which possibly indicate the presence of bioactive compounds in the plants. Our present studies mainly focused on BACs from of Peperomia pellucida and its allelopathic effects on the surrounding rhizosphere. Piper chaba, Hunter (Piperaceae) is a relatively less well-known spice. e stem of the plant is very much effective against cold and cough and also enhances immunity against this disease. We are therefore interested to isolate and identify the compound responsible for its medicinal properties. Artocarpus lakoocha, Roxb. Moraceae, is a valuable tree native to India and used for fruit, furniture, timber and feed [22]. Seeds contain artocarpins (ALA I and ALA II), the isolectins which exhibit high haemagglutination activity. e tree sheds huge amount of large leaves towards the end of December till beginning of February forming a very thick layer of leaf carpet on the ground. We are therefore interested to study if there are some BACs present in the shedded leaves of Artocarpus lakoocha. Our objectives were to establish analytical methodologies, including the extraction, isolation and characterization of BACs from different parts of diverse plant types.