Tourism Analysis, Vol. 8 pp. 253–257 1083-5423/04 $20.00 + .00
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Address correspondence to Metin Kozak, School of Tourism and Hotel Management, Mugla University, 48000, Mugla, Turkey. Tel: +
90 252 223 92 05; Fax: + 90 252 223 91 64; E-mail: M.Kozak@superonline.com
CROSS-CULTURAL BEHAVIOR RESEARCH IN TOURISM:
A CASE STUDY ON DESTINATION IMAGE
METIN KOZAK,* ENRIQUE BIGNÉ,† ANA GONZÁLEZ,‡ and LUISA ANDREU†
*Mugla University, School of Tourism and Hotel Management, 48000, Mugla, Turkey
†University of Valencia, Faculty of Business and Economy Studies,
Department of Management and Marketing, Avda. dels Tarongers s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
‡University of León, Faculty of Business and Economy Studies,
Department of Management and Marketing, Campus de Vegazana s/n 24071 León, Spain
This study aims to emphasize the significance of exploring cross-cultural differences in consumer
behavior and, in particular, destination image. First a theoretical framework was developed to intro-
duce a research agenda on cross-cultural consumer behavior in tourism. Secondly, a case study was
carried out based on two ad hoc studies conducted by the Valencian Tourist Board (Spain) at its
tourism information offices. ANOVA and factor correspondence analysis were considered as the main
techniques to analyze the differences of destination image attributes, taking into account the tourists’
country of residence. Conclusions and managerial implications are discussed.
Key words: Cross-cultural research; Destination image; Tourist perceptions; Perceptual maps;
Spain
image perceptions for different destinations. Most
studies of destination choice and tourist behavior
have been related to investigating the relationship
between the image of the destination and tourist pref-
erences for the place as a tourist destination as well
as dis/satisfaction with the destination. At this stage,
Morrison (1989) presents two criteria, objective and
subjective, that help tourists decide which one meets
their own criteria best. The former includes prices,
locations, physical characteristics of facilities or des-
tinations, etc., whereas the image of the destination
Tourist destinations are accepted as being a key
component of national or international tourism ac-
tivities. Each destination offers a variety of prod-
ucts and services to attract tourists. However, each
visitor also has the opportunity and freedom to
choose from a set of destinations (Crompton, 1992).
Research findings indicate that different factors may
have an influence on destination choice, or the at-
tractiveness of one particular destination (Sirakaya,
McLellan, & Uysal, 1996). For instance, each visi-
tor may have different motivations, preferences, and