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Public Relations Review
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/pubrev
Post-racial public relations on primetime television: How Scandal
represents Olivia Pope
Cheryl Ann Lambert
Kent State University, 301C Franklin Hall, P.O. Box 5190, Kent, OH 44242-0001, United States
ARTICLE INFO
Keywords:
Public relations
Media representations
Intersectionality
Television
Popular culture
Postracial
ABSTRACT
Scandal follows the fast-paced fictional world of Olivia Pope, an attorney, crisis management
expert, and former White House communications director who owns and manages her own public
relations agency. As the first U.S. network television drama with an African American woman in
the lead role since 1965, Scandal represents a step forward for televisual portrayals of African-
American women. Nevertheless, this program recirculates common constructions of race and
gender. I use a cultural studies framework to interrogate representations in the post-racial world
Olivia Pope navigates, through the lens of intersectionality (Crenshaw, 1989). Findings reveal that
the representational reality of Scandal is decidedly different from the lived reality of public re-
lations professionals.
1. Introduction
In 2012, ABC launched the first U.S. network television drama with an African American woman in the lead role since Get Christie
Love in 1965 entitled Scandal. The show centers around the life of Olivia Pope, an attorney, crisis management expert, and former
White House communications director who owns and manages her own public relations agency. The central scandal is the fact that
Olivia is a single, African American woman having an affair with the married, White, Republican President of the United States. A
real woman who broke through racial and gender barriers in the George Bush White House, Judy Smith, inspired the program. Other
than Judy insisting that Olivia be portrayed by a Black woman (Inside a scandal, 2012), race is rarely included in the program
narrative. The markers of identity that typify Black culture such as “linguistic innovations in rhetorical stylization of the body, forms
of occupying an alien social space, heightened expressions, hairstyles, ways of walking, standing and talking” (Hall, 1993, p. 109), are
largely missing from Scandal.
Although Scandal is a step forward for televisual portrayals of African-American women, I assert that this program recirculates
common constructions of Blackness. I examine in particular the problematic ways that race is represented and misrepresented in the
post-racial world Olivia Pope navigates, through the lens of intersectionality, the ways in which race and gender interact to shape the
multiple-dimensionality of Black women’s experiences (Crenshaw, 1989).
2. Sociopolitical context
Scandal cannot be fully understood without consideration of the social context in which it—and its viewers—exist. During the
2016 summer hiatus, the then-Republican nominee for United States (U.S.) now-President Donald Trump gained national news
exposure by castigating Muslims, Mexicans, immigrants, and African-Americans. Simultaneously, the killings of unarmed African-
American citizens prompted the Black Lives Matter movement to hold marches, demonstrations, and protests throughout the U.S.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2017.07.004
Received 21 September 2016; Received in revised form 22 May 2017; Accepted 13 July 2017
E-mail address: clambe17@kent.edu.
Public Relations Review xxx (xxxx) xxx–xxx
0363-8111/ © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Please cite this article as: Lambert, C.A., Public Relations Review (2017), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2017.07.004