International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN (Online): 2319-7064 Index Copernicus Value (2016): 79.57 | Impact Factor (2015): 6.391 Volume 7 Issue 2, February 2018 www.ijsr.net Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY Oxidative Stress Status in Hypertensive Patients on Capoten Treatment Bahaa Noor Madhloom 1 , Ameena Ryhan Diajil 2 1 MSc Student Department of Oral Diagnosis Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Baghdad University, Baghdad, Iraq 2 Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Diagnosis Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Baghdad University, Baghdad, Iraq Abstract: Background : hypertension is a condition in which the blood vessels have persistently raised pressure, putting them under increased stress. Oxidative stress is an imbalance between ROS and antioxidant defense mechanisms, causing damage to biological macromolecules and dysregulation of normal metabolism and physiology. Oxidative stress is contributes to the etiology of hypertension in humans. Capoten is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Which is responsible for the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. The aim of this study : was to assess the oxidative stress in hypertensive patients on Capoten treatment through the assessment of salivary Malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) as a marker of oxidative stress. Material and method : 60 individuals were included in this study, divided into two groups; one study group and one control group. The first group composed of 30 hypertensive patients on Capoten antihypertensive agent. The second group (control group) composed of 30 healthy subjects without any systemic disorder and almost healthy oral hygiene. Intraoral examination was done for each individual. Saliva samples were collected in restful and quit circumstances, the salivary flow rate (F/R) was calculated ml per minute. PH of salivary secretion were measured by PH meter. The levels of salivary MDA and SOD were analyzed by using ELISA kit based on the principle of Competitive enzyme immunoassay technique, the concentrations of markers were measured by spectrophotometer at 450nm in a microplate reader. Results : salivary MDA was significantly higher in patients groups in relation to control group. Salivary SOD was significantly lower in patient groups in relation to control group. Salivary flow rate and PH was significantly lower in patient groups comparing to control group. Conclusions : salivary MDA and SOD can be used as potential marker for monitoring patients with Hypertension. There is a relation between oxidative stress and hypertension. Keywords: Oxidative stress, hypertension, Capoten, MDA, SOD, Salivary flow rate and PH 1. Introduction Hypertension is defined as a systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 140 mm Hg or more, or a diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of 90 mm Hg or more, or taking antihypertensive medication.(1) Hypertension may be primary, which may develop as a result of environmental or genetic causes, or secondary, which has multiple etiologies, including renal, vascular, and endocrine causes. (2) Primary or essential hypertension accounts in 90-95% of adult cases, and secondary hypertension accounts for 2-10% of cases. (3) Capoten (Captopril) is an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. (4) Capoten prevents the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II which is a potent endogenous vasoconstrictor substance, also stimulates aldosterone secretion from the adrenal cortex, contributing to sodium and fluid retention. (5) Oxidative Stress (OS) is an imbalance between the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS) and the antioxidant defense systems in the body. (6) Under normal conditions, ROS and the byproducts of their reactions with various biomolecules are neutralized and converted to harmless molecules by the natural antioxidant system. The antioxidant defense system is a highly complex biochemical organization that consists of numerous enzymes and a large number of scavenger molecules, the body’s pool of antioxidant molecules is derived from endogenous and exogenous sources. (7) superoxide dismutase (SOD), have been identified as an endogenous antioxidant enzyme. (8) Reactive O2- is converted by SOD into H2O2. In the next step, H2O2 is converted into H2O and O2 by salivary enzymes, catalase, peroxidase, and glutathione peroxidase. (9) The main primary products of lipid peroxidation are lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH). Among the many different aldehydes which can be formed as secondary products during lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde (MDA), propanol, hexanal, and 4- hydroxynonenal (4- HNE). (10) MDA appears to be the most mutagenic product of lipid peroxidation. (11) MDA is an end- product generated by decomposition of arachidonic acid and larger Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). (12) Once formed MDA can be enzymatically metabolized or can react on cellular and tissue proteins or DNA to form adducts resulting in biomolecular damages. (12) MDA is one of the most popular and reliable markers that determine oxidative stress in clinical situations. (13) OS contributes to the etiology of hypertension in humans, (14) also Hypertensive patients have impaired endogenous and exogenous antioxidant defense mechanisms. (15) 2. Subject, Material and Method Sixteen individuals were included in this study, divided into two groups; one study groups and one control group. The first group composed of 30 hypertensive patients on capoten treatment with mean age 55.10 year (±3.166 SD); 20 were males (67%) and 10 were females (33%). The second group (control group) composed of 30 healthy subjects without any systemic disorder and almost healthy oral hygiene with mean age 54.77 year (±3.339 SD); 15 males (50%) and 15 females (50%). After explaining the experimental design and the purpose of the study written informed consent was signed from each patient participate in this study. All patients were selected from Al-Manathera Primary Health Center in AL- Najaf city. After gathering Paper ID: ART20179901 DOI: 10.21275/ART20179901 443