1 Routledge
Taylor & Francis Group Educating for Tomorrow1* Media
Extending the Broadcast:
Streaming Culture and the Problems of
Digital Geographies
Benjamin Burroughs and Adam Rugg
This article examines the recent move by many television sports broadcast-
ers of streaming their content online behind geographically restricted "geo-
fences." Despite the increasing use of this distribution method, we argue that
Internet users are increasingly bypassing geofences that center sports con-
sumption within a nationalized television broadcasting framework through the
use of VPN (virtual private network) technologies. Importantly, the geographic
fluidity of the Internet often allows users to do this legally—producing mean-
ingful ruptures in the logic that seeks to replicate the structures of mediation
central to the television broadcast model within the space of the Internet.
We argue that the streaming of sports content, then, should be understood
and analyzed as an enforcement of corporate media strategies and reflection
of telecommunication policy, as well as a cultural practice and tactic. Large
transnational media corporations, typically the holders of popular sporting
rights, attempt to bend digital sports content consumption to the broadcast
models that they have historically employed. Yet, amidst this emerging model
of digital broadcasting lie the problems of digital geography and the cultural
practice of a streaming culture within the conditions of post-convergence. This
practice often rejects the restrictions and stipulations of digital broadcasting
in favor of a globetrotting, station-hopping exercise of content hunting.
It is, to me right now, at the tip of this convergence between what is the best of the
south [Hollywood] and the best of the north [Silicon Valley]. I think you're starting
to see something very new, very original budding out of it. There is something great
going on there ... Right now, to me, it is the wild, wild west. DreamWorks CEO
Jeffrey Katzenberg, 2013
Benjamin Burroughs (M.A., University of Southern California, M.Sc., London School of Economics and
Political Science) is a doctoral student in the department of Communication Studies at the University of
Iowa. His research interests include streaming culture, digital media, and digital ritual.
Adam Rugg (M.A., University of South Florida) is a doctoral student in the department of Communication
Studies at the University of Iowa. His research interests include the evolving relationship between sports,
media, and technology.
Both authors are first authors, please note that they are listed in alphabetical order.
© 2014 Broadcast Education Association Journal o f Broadcasting & Electronic Media 58(3), 2014, pp. 365-380
DOI: 10.1080/08838151.2014.935854 ISSN: 0883-8151 print/1550-6878 online
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