EDITED BY Mauro Giacomini, University of Genoa, Italy REVIEWED BY Lua Perimal-Lewis, Flinders University, Australia Pantelis Natsiavas, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (INAB|CERTH), Greece *CORRESPONDENCE Anke Wind a.wind@maastrichtuniversity.nl Philippe Lambin philippe.lambin@maastrichuniversity.nl † These authors have contributed equally to this work and share last authorship RECEIVED 28 September 2023 ACCEPTED 20 November 2023 PUBLISHED 22 March 2024 CITATION Halilaj I, Ankolekar A, Lenaers A, Chatterjee A, Oberije CJG, Eppings L, Smit HJM, Hendriks LEL, Jochems A, Lieverse RIY, van Timmeren JE, Wind A and Lambin P (2023) Improving shared decision making for lung cancer treatment by developing and validating an open-source web based patient decision aid for stage I–II non-small cell lung cancer. Front. Digit. Health 5:1303261. doi: 10.3389/fdgth.2023.1303261 COPYRIGHT © 2023 Halilaj, Ankolekar, Lenaers, Chatterjee, Oberije, Eppings, Smit, Hendriks, Jochems, Lieverse, van Timmeren, Wind and Lambin. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Improving shared decision making for lung cancer treatment by developing and validating an open-source web based patient decision aid for stage I–II non-small cell lung cancer Iva Halilaj 1,2 , Anshu Ankolekar 1 , Anouk Lenaers 1 , Avishek Chatterjee 1 , Cary J. G. Oberije 3 , Lisanne Eppings 1 , Hans J. M. Smit 4 , Lizza E. L. Hendriks 5 , Arthur Jochems 1 , Relinde I. Y. Lieverse 1,6 , Janita E. van Timmeren 7 , Anke Wind 1 * † and Philippe Lambin 1 * † 1 The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands, 2 Health Innovation Ventures, Maastricht, Netherlands, 3 Kheiron Medical Technologies, London, United Kingdom, 4 Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, Netherlands, 5 Department of Pulmonary Diseases, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands, 6 Department of Internal Medicine, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, Netherlands, 7 Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a proof-of-concept open- source individualized Patient Decision Aid (iPDA) with a group of patients, physicians, and computer scientists. The iPDA was developed based on the International Patient Decision Aid Standards (IPDAS). A previously published questionnaire was adapted and used to test the user-friendliness and content of the iPDA. The questionnaire contained 40 multiple-choice questions, and answers were given on a 5-point Likert Scale (1–5) ranging from “strongly disagree” to “strongly agree.” In addition to the questionnaire, semi-structured interviews were conducted with patients. We performed a descriptive analysis of the responses. The iPDA was evaluated by 28 computer scientists, 21 physicians, and 13 patients. The results demonstrate that the iPDA was found valuable by 92% (patients), 96% (computer scientists), and 86% (physicians), while the treatment information was judged useful by 92%, 96%, and 95%, respectively. Additionally, the tool was thought to be motivating for patients to actively engage in their treatment by 92%, 93%, and 91% of the above respondents groups. More multimedia components and less text were suggested by the respondents as ways to improve the tool and user interface. In conclusion, we successfully developed and tested an iPDA for patients with stage I–II Non- Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). KEYWORDS shared decision-making, open-source iPDA, participative medicine, NSCLC, patient decision aid TYPE Original Research PUBLISHED 22 March 2024 | DOI 10.3389/fdgth.2023.1303261 Frontiers in Digital Health 01 frontiersin.org