1 IRAQI JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS The Iraqi Journal of Applied Physics (IJAP) is a peer reviewed journal of high quality devoted to the publication of original research papers from applied physics and their broad range of applications. IJAP publishes quality original research papers, comprehensive review articles, survey articles, book reviews, dissertation abstracts in physics and its applications in the broadest sense. It is intended that the journal may act as an interdisciplinary forum for Physics and its applications. Innovative applications and material that brings together diverse areas of Physics are particularly welcome. Review articles in selected areas are published from time to time. It aims to disseminate knowledge; provide a learned reference in the field; and establish channels of communication between academic and research experts, policy makers and executives in industry, commerce and investment institutions. IJAP is a quarterly specialized periodical dedicated to publishing original papers, letters and reviews in: Applied & Nonlinear Optics, Applied Mechanics & Thermodynamics, Digital & Optical Communications, Electronic Materials & Devices, Laser Physics & Applications, Plasma Physics & Applications, Quantum Physics & Spectroscopy, Semiconductors & Optoelectronics, Solid State Physics & Applications, Alternative & Renewable Energy, and Environmental Science & Technology. Sub-disciplines include Dielectrics, ferroelectrics, and multiferroics; Electrical discharges, plasmas, and plasma-surface interactions; Emerging, interdisciplinary, and other fields of applied physics; Energy and Sustainability; Magnetism, spintronics, and superconductivity; Organic-Inorganic systems, including organic electronics; Photonics, plasmonics, photovoltaics, optical phenomena, materials, and metamaterials; Physics of devices and sensors; Physics of materials, including electrical, thermal, mechanical and other properties; Physics of matter under extreme conditions; Physics of nanoscale, 2D materials, and low-dimensional systems; Physics of semiconductors; Quantum technology; Soft matter, fluids, and biophysics; Thin films, interfaces, and surfaces. ISSN (Print): 1813-2065, ISSN (Online): 2309-1673 EDITORIAL BOARD Oday A. HAMMADI Professor Editor-in-Chief Molecular Physics IRAQ Walid K. HAMOUDI Professor Member Laser Physics IRAQ Dayah N. RAOUF Asst. Professor Member Laser and Optics IRAQ Raad A. KHAMIS Asst. Professor Member Plasma Physics IRAQ Raid A. ISMAIL Professor Member Semiconductor Physics IRAQ Kais A. AL-NAIMEE Professor Member Quantum Physics IRAQ Haitham M. MIKHLIF Lecturer Managing Editor Molecular Physics IRAQ Editorial Office: P. O. Box 88052, Baghdad 12631, IRAQ Mobile: +964 7832 360 114 (Telegram, Viber, WhatsApp) Website: www.ijap-iq.com Emails: info@ijap-iq.com, editor_ijap@yahoo.co.uk, ijap.editor@gmail.com ADVISORY BOARD Andrei KASIMOV, Professor, Institute of Material Science, National Academy of Science, Kiev, UKRAINE Ashok KUMAR, Professor, Harcourt Butler Technological Institute, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208 002, INDIA Chang Hee NAM, Professor, Korean Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daehak-ro, Daejeon, KOREA Claudia GAULTIERRE, Professor, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University of Rouen, Rouen, FRANCE El-Sayed M. FARAG, Professor, Department of Sciences, College of Engineering, AlMinofiya University, EGYPT Gang XU, Assistant Professor, Department of Engineering and Physics, University of Central Oklahoma, U.S.A Heidi ABRAHAMSE, Professor, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, S. AFRICA Madis-Lipp KROKALMA, Professor, School of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, 19086 Tallinn, ESTONIA Mansoor SHEIK-BAHAE, Associate Professor, Department of Physics, University of New Mexico, U.S.A Mohammad Robi HOSSAN, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Eng. and Physics, Univ. of Central Oklahoma, U.S.A Morshed KHANDAKER, Associate Professor, Dept. of Engineering and Physics, Univ. of Central Oklahoma, U.S.A Qian Wei Chang, Professor, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, CANADA Sebastian ARAUJO, Professor, School of Applied Sciences, National University of Lujan, Buenos Aires, ARGENTINA Shivaji H. PAWAR, Professor, D.Y. Patil University, Kasaba Bawada, Kolhapur-416 006, Maharashtra, INDIA Xueming LIU, Professor, Department of Electronic Eng., Tsinghua University, Shuang Qing Lu, Beijing, CHINA Yanko SAROV, Assistant Professor, Micro- and Nanoelectronic Systems, Technical University Ilmenau, GERMANY Yushihiro TAGUCHI, Professor, Dept. of Physics, Chuo University, Higashinakano Hachioji-shi, Tokyo, JAPAN SPONSORED AND PUBLISHED BY AMERICAN QUALITY FOR SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING INC. 1479 South De Gaulle Ct, Aurora, CO 80018, United States www.ijap-iq.com, www.facebook.com/editor.ijap, @IraqiApplied, IJAP Editor