Volume 58 Issue 12 (December 2024) 2191 RESEARCH ARTICLE Indian Journal of Animal Research, Volume 58 Issue 12: 2191-2197 (December 2024) Hypolipidemic and Cardioprotective Efficacy of Peltophorum pterocarpum Linn in Doxorubicin Induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats Ramalingam Nithyatharani 1 , Ramasamy Manikandan 2 , Arumugam Vijaya Anand 3 , Ahmad R. Alhimaidi 4 , Aiman A. Ammari 4 , Anis Ahamed 5 10.18805/IJAR.B-5430 ABSTRACT Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) refers to a common group of illnesses affecting the heart and blood arteries. It encompasses heart valve problems, atherosclerosis, angina, cardiomyopathy, coronary artery disease (CAD), and infections of the heart which are considered the main causes of death. Modern medications have some success but they typically come with unfavorable side effects. Researchers are paying attention to herbal remedies because of their limited or no negative effects. This study was conducted to find out the hypolipidemic and cardioprotective potential of the ethanolic extract of Peltophorum pterocarpum (P. pterocarpum) Linn leaves in doxorubicin-induced cardiac damage in rats. Methods: The ethanolic extract of P. pterocarpum leaves was subjected to compound identification by GC-MS analysis. For in vivo analyses, the rats were divided into six groups. Cardiac damage was induced by doxorubicin at a dosage of 1.5 ml/kg b.wt. various dosages of extract (200 and 300 mg/kg b.wt.) were injected and propranolol (25 mg/kg b.wt.) is used as a standard drug. After the treatment of the extract, biochemical parameters were evaluated followed by in silico analysis. Result: The levels of cardiac marker and lysosomal enzymes significantly increased in toxin-treated rats, and the mitochondrial enzyme levels were significantly reduced. After treatment with P. pterocarpum leaf extract, the levels significantly (P<0.05) returned to normal. These results may prove the cardiac protective effect of the ethanolic extract of P. pterocarpum leaves in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity rats. Key words: Cardioprotective activity, Docking analysis, Doxorubicin, Peltophorum pterocarpum, Propranolol. INTRODUCTION Myocardial infarction (MI) occurs when fat deposits occur in the artery lining cells. The arteries that feed the heart with blood flow are impacted by the progressive accumulation of these fatty deposits known as atheroscelerosis. This can injure the heart muscles by delaying the blood supply to them. A myocardial infarction results from the total buildup of fat in the coronary arteries, which ultimately causes death. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that 18.6 million individuals worldwide lost their lives to CVD in 2019. Countries with low and moderate incomes account for more than 75% of deaths from CVD. Three-quarters of the 17 million premature fatalities (dead before age 70) attributed to non-communicable illnesses in 2019 (CVDs) were caused by these disorders (WHO, 2021). They estimate that nearly 23 million people will die in 2030 due to the CVD. In India, 4.77 million (2020) people will die because of the CVD (Huffman et al., 2011). Allopathic drugs are available to overcome the MI disorders. While these medications work well, they have harmful side effects. Researchers are searching for plant-based medications that don’t have any harmful effects. P. pterocarpum (Fabaceae) is planted alongside roadsides. Studies on the phytochemical composition of P. pterocarpum have shown that it contains a variety of substances (Amala and Poonguzhali, 2015). Asia and a widely planted ornamental tree worldwide (Mariyappillai and Swaminathan, 2024). According to Devi and Battu (2018), P. pterocarpum has been shown to possess the 1 Department of Microbiology, Shrimati Indira Gandhi College, Tiruchirappalli-620 002, Tamil Nadu, India. 2 Department of Biochemistry, Shrimati Indira Gandhi College, Tiruchirappalli-620 002, Tamil Nadu, India. 3 Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore-641 046, Tamil Nadu, India. 4 Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia. 5 Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia. Corresponding Author: Ramalingam Nithyatharani, Department of Microbiology, Shrimati Indira Gandhi College, Tiruchirappalli- 620 002, Tamil Nadu, India. Email: nithyatharanir@gmail.com. How to cite this article: Nithyatharani, R., Manikandan, R., Anand, A. V., Alhimaidi, A.R., Ammari, A.A. and Ahamed, A. (2024). Hypolipidemic and Cardioprotective Efficacy of Peltophorum pterocarpum Linn in Doxorubicin Induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 58(12): 2191-2197. doi: 10.18805/IJAR.B5430. Submitted: 20-06-2024 Accepted: 12-09-2024 Online: 12-11-2024