Int. J. Adv. Sci. Eng. Vol.11 No.2 4044-4054 (2024) 4044 E-ISSN: 2349 5359; P-ISSN: 2454-9967 Preeti Sharma et al., International Journal of Advanced Science and Engineering www.mahendrapublications.com ABSTRACT: This review paper presents an in-depth analysis of Heusler alloys, focusing on their structural, electronic, magnetic, mechanical, and thermoelectric characteristics, and potential applications. It begins with an examination of the crystal structure and composition, highlighting how composition influences structural properties. The paper delves into the electronic aspects by analyzing band structures and Fermi surfaces through density functional theory studies. The magnetic behavior of these alloys, pivotal in spintronic applications, is also scrutinized. Furthermore, the paper discusses mechanical properties like elastic constants and shape memory effects, and thermoelectric features including phonon and electron transport. Applications in energy conversion, storage, spintronics, sensing, and actuation are explored, emphasizing the alloys' role in lithium-ion batteries, fuel cells, spin valves, and magnetic tunnel junctions. Finally, it addresses challenges and future perspectives in synthesizing and integrating Heusler alloys for enhanced performance, underscoring the need for further research to unlock their full potential in various technological fields. KEYWORDS: Heusler Alloys, Spintronics, Thermoelectric Properties, Density Functional Theory, Mechanical and Magnetic Behavior https://doi.org/10.29294/IJASE.11.2.2024.4044-4054 ©2024 Mahendrapublications.com, All rights reserved *Corresponding Author: preetisharmabhopal@gmail.com Received: 11.10.2024 Accepted: 27.11.2024 Published on: 14.12.2024 Heusler Alloys: Structural, Electronic, Magnetic, Mechanical, and Thermoelectric Features - A Review Preeti Sharma*, Rajni Kant, Purvee Bhardwaj Department of physics, Rabindranath Tagore University, Bhopal 464993, India 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background and History Heusler alloys, named after Fritz Heusler who first discovered them in 1903, are intermetallic compounds with a unique crystal structure and fascinating properties [1]. These alloys are composed of three elements, typically one transition metal (X), one element from the group IIIA or IVA (Y), and one element from the group VB or VIB (Z) of the periodic table [2]. The general formula for Heusler alloys is X2YZ. Initially, Heusler alloys were primarily investigated for their magnetic properties and their potential applications in the field of magnetism and spintronics. However, subsequent research revealed their multifunctional nature, leading to explorations in various fields such as electronics, thermoelectric, and even as catalysts [3].Through this review, we aim to contribute to the understanding of Heusler alloys and their potential for various technological applications, while also identifying areas that require further research and development. 1.2 Importance and Applications Heusler alloys have gained significant importance due to their wide range of unique properties and potential applications in several technological areas. The following are some notable applications where Heusler alloys have shown promise: 1.2.1 Magnetic Materials: Heusler alloys exhibit remarkable magnetic properties, including high magnetization, large magnetoresistance, and high Curie temperatures [4]. These properties make them suitable for applications in magnetic sensors, magnetic recording media, and spintronic devices. 1.2.2 Spintronics: The combination of excellent spin-polarized transport properties and strong spin-dependent phenomena in Heusler alloys makes them valuable for spintronics applications [5]. They have been investigated for use in spin valves, magnetic tunnel junctions, and spin-transfer torque devices. 1.2.3 Thermoelectric Materials: Heusler alloys have attracted attention as potential thermoelectric materials due to their unique electronic structure and tunable transport