Predictive power management strategies for stand-alone hydrogen systems: Operational impact Adel Brka * , Yasir M. Al-Abdeli, Ganesh Kothapalli School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup WA 6027, Australia article info Article history: Received 12 September 2015 Received in revised form 28 February 2016 Accepted 13 March 2016 Available online xxx Keywords: Hydrogen Predictive Power management strategy Renewables Device intermittency Optimisation abstract This paper compares the operational impacts of both predictive and reactive Power Man- agement Strategies (P-PMS and R-PMS). The study is implemented for a stand-alone hybrid system based on wind turbines (WG), batteries (BAT) and hydrogen technology. The P-PMS uses real-time Neural Network (NN) predictions of wind speed and load demand to adjust the control set points affecting the switching of devices. The study also analyses the effects of using another intelligent technique, Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO), for real-time optimisation of fuel cell operation. Genetic Algorithms (GA) are used to optimally size the hydrogen system. The methods employed include MATLAB simulations to implement the three intelligent techniques (GA, NN and PSO) and integration of experimentally derived fuel cell characteristics as well as highly dynamic electric load and wind speed profiles. The research presented in this study is an extension of an earlier work in which the concept of P-PMS was experimentally validated and the effects of some software and hardware related controlling parameters assessed. This paper however goes further by analysing the impact of using P-PMS on the economic and operational characteristics of stand-alone hydrogen systems by benchmarking it against an R-PMS. Results reveal that a hybrid system operating under a P-PMS outperforms that with an R-PMS in terms of cost, renewables penetration and environmental footprint. In addition, this study showed that P-PMS can help mitigate the impact of the transient response of the backup components (fuel cell and electrolyser) on the system sizing and operation. However, these merits are realised only if a particularly high reliability of load satisfaction is required. Results also show that a P-PMS highly depends on the accuracy of the employed (NN) prediction tool. The proposed predictive strategies are proven to be better than other solutions that exist in literature in terms of reducing the cost. Copyright © 2016, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Introduction Solar-PV and wind energy systems are hybridised by adding backup prime movers and energy storage media so as to reliably meet electric power even during higher demand pe- riods [1]. Diesel generators [2] and batteries [3] are traditionally used in this context but these are expensive to operate and maintain at remote locations [4], as well as having undesirable environmental impact [5]. Batteries can also suffer from short * Corresponding author. School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, WA 6027, Australia. Tel.: þ61 432611745. E-mail addresses: abrka@our.ecu.edu.au, adilbrka1@gmail.com (A. Brka). Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/he international journal of hydrogen energy xxx (2016) 1 e14 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.03.085 0360-3199/Copyright © 2016, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Please cite this article in press as: Brka A, et al., Predictive power management strategies for stand-alone hydrogen systems: Opera- tional impact, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy (2016), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.03.085