CASE REPORT Case Report: Prostatitis tuberculosis mimicking prostate cancer [version 1; peer review: 2 approved with reservations] Syah Mirsya Warli , Dhirajaya Dharma Kadar, Muhammad Haritsyah Warli Department of Urology, Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia Corresponding author: Syah Mirsya Warli (war_uro@yahoo.com) Author roles: Warli SM: Conceptualization, Data Curation, Funding Acquisition, Investigation, Supervision, Validation, Writing – Review & Editing; Kadar DD: Conceptualization, Investigation, Project Administration, Supervision, Writing – Review & Editing; Warli MH: Formal Analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – Original Draft Preparation Competing interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Grant information: The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work. Copyright: © 2020 Warli SM et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. How to cite this article: Warli SM, Kadar DD and Warli MH. Case Report: Prostatitis tuberculosis mimicking prostate cancer [version 1; peer review: 2 approved with reservations] F1000Research 2020, 9:1345 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.26488.1 First published: 18 Nov 2020, 9:1345 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.26488.1 First published: 18 Nov 2020, 9:1345 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.26488.1 Latest published: 18 Nov 2020, 9:1345 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.26488.1 v1 Abstract A 56-year-old male who presented with recurrent gross hematuria and moderate lower urinary tract symptoms. After taking the patient’s medical history and performing a physical exam, suspicion of prostate cancer arose with prostate enlargement during rectal examination without tenderness and palpable nodes. Ultrasound showed estimated prostate volume of 95 gr and prostate specific antigen of 5.5. Transurethral resection of the prostate was performed and prostate tissue was checked by a pathologist, with histopathological examination showing active tuberculosis lesions. An interferon gamma release assay test was performed, which showed a positive result. The patient was diagnosed with prostatitis tuberculosis and treated with standard nine-month regimen for extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. Prostate enlargement due to tuberculosis is rare and its presence may mimic prostate cancer presentation; however, due to its rarity, careful examination is needed in order to provide optimal management. Keywords Prostatitis, Tuberculosis, Prostate Cancer, Genitourinary Tuberculosis, Prostate Enlargement Open Peer Review Approval Status 1 2 version 1 18 Nov 2020 view view Dahril Dahril , Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia 1. Zhuo Tony Su, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA 2. Any reports and responses or comments on the article can be found at the end of the article. Page 1 of 6 F1000Research 2020, 9:1345 Last updated: 13 FEB 2023