Civil Engineering and Architecture 11(4): 2219-2230, 2023 http://www.hrpub.org
DOI: 10.13189/cea.2023.110439
An Experimental Study of Bearing Capacity and Slope
Stability of Residual Slope Model with
Pile Reinforcement
Eko Indah Susanti
1,*
, As’ad Munawir
2
, Yulvi Zaika
2
, Sri Murni Dewi
2
1
Doctoral Program, Brawijaya University, Indonesia
2
Department of Civil Engineering, Brawijaya University, Indonesia
Received February 2, 2023; Revised April 3, 2023; Accepted May 9, 2023
Cite This Paper in the Following Citation Styles
(a): [1] Eko Indah Susanti, As’ad Munawir, Yulvi Zaika, Sri Murni Dewi , "An Experimental Study of Bearing Capacity
and Slope Stability of Residual Slope Model with Pile Reinforcement," Civil Engineering and Architecture, Vol. 11, No.
4, pp. 2219 - 2230, 2023. DOI: 10.13189/cea.2023.110439.
(b): Eko Indah Susanti, As’ad Munawir, Yulvi Zaika, Sri Murni Dewi (2023). An Experimental Study of Bearing
Capacity and Slope Stability of Residual Slope Model with Pile Reinforcement. Civil Engineering and Architecture,
11(4), 2219 - 2230. DOI: 10.13189/cea.2023.110439.
Copyright©2023 by authors, all rights reserved. Authors agree that this article remains permanently open access under the
terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License
Abstract Based on its geographical location, most of
Indonesia's territory consists of residual soil. Residual soil
on slopes has been a problem that often occurs and causes
landslides. We can use various efforts to prevent landslides
and overcome other issues on slopes, especially residual
soil, by providing reinforcement. In this study, we can
increase the strength of the slopes to be more stable by
providing pile reinforcement to improve the safety of the
slopes. First, we observed a scaled slope model with and
without pile reinforcement. Residual slope modeling was
carried out using a test box with a slope inclination of 37°
and using a composite concrete pile as a model for pile
reinforcement. Test models with different diameters (2.54
cm, 3.175 cm, and 3.81 cm) and the pile spacing were
varied (7.5 cm, 10 cm, and 12.5 cm). This test was
performed using an experimental model in the laboratory
aimed at understanding the failure mechanism or failure of
the slope. We identified the maximum failure load value
for the slope to resist sliding. Problems in the laboratory
were analyzed using the finite element method by changing
the form of 3D slope modeling to 2D modeling. Then, we
compared the experimental results in the laboratory with
the finite element analysis method. Based on the FE
Method test results, the SF of slopes reinforced with
single-row experienced a safety factor improvement of
17.621 % in FEM (2D) compared to slopes modeled
without reinforcement. The most significant bearing
capacity and SF value were found in the diameter of 3.175
cm and a distance of 10 cm. The effect of diameter and
spacing between piles on slope stability is when the pile
diameter increases, the pile spacing becomes smaller, and
the critical slip surface also becomes deeper until a specific
diameter and distance are reached. This condition causes
the slope to become stable. In addition, the study result
showed that reinforced slopes are prone to failure of the
rotational slope.
Keywords Pile Reinforcement, Residual Slope Model,
Bearing Capacity, Safety Factor, Finite Element Method
1. Introduction
Due to its geographical location, most of Indonesia's
territory has residual soil. Residual soil is the result of the
physical and chemical weathering of rocks. The increasing
development activity has caused many hills to change their
function into housing, agriculture, plantations, and roads,
thus triggering the conversion of land functions in unstable
slope areas due to increasingly limited land. This situation
can cause the soil to become unstable and endanger
people's lives.
Slope stability generally depends on the interaction