Math. Z. 223, 421 -434 (1996)
Mathematische
Zeitschr
© Springer-Verlag 1996
Elementary modules
Otto Kerner, Frank Lukas
Mathematisches Institut, Heinrich-Heine-Universit~t, Universit~tsstrasse 1, D-40225 Diissel-
dorf, Germany
Received 16 July 1992; in final form 27 February 1995
Introduction
Let A be a finite dimensional, connected wild hereditary k-algebra, k an
algebraically closed field. We denote by A-reg the full subcategory of regu-
lar A-modules in A-mod. This category is closed under images and extensions,
but, contrary to the tame situation, not closed under kernels and cokernels. A
nonzero regular module E is called elementary, if there is no nontrivial regular
submodule X, such that E/X is regular, too. Since the Auslander-Reiten trans-
lations t and z- define an equivalence on A-reg, a module E is elementary, if
and only if tiE is elementary, for all integers i.
It follows from the definition that each nonzero regular module X has a
filtration 0 -- X0 C Xl C ... C Xr = X with elementary composition fac-
tors X,./X,._], hence the class ~ of elementary modules is the smallest class of
regular modules, whose extension-closure is A-reg. By definition the elemen-
tary modules are exactly the quasi-simple regular modules, if the algebra A is
tame.
We will show in part 2 that - parallel to the tame situation - there exist
only finitely many Coxeter-orbits of dimension-vectors of elementary modules.
Totally different to the tame case is, that a z-sincere module E is elemen-
tary only if dimk Ext(E,E) > 2 holds (Theorem 3.4) and that there exist
infinitely many algebras whose elementary modules all are stones, that is in-
decomposable modules without self-extensions, see part 4. In this ease The-
orem 2.1 then says that there are only finitely many z-orbits of elementary
modules.
Finally we show the occurrence of elementary modules in natural con-
structions: If B is (wild) concealed, if M is a regular B-modules then the
one-point extension B[M] is a tilted algebra only if M is elementary. Simi-
larly, if the quiver ~ is a wild star with vertices {0 ..... n} where 0 denotes
the center of the star, if M is an indecomposable k~-module with dim M =