Vol.:(0123456789) 1 3
Applied Nanoscience
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-019-01038-w
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Computational analysis of entropy generation for cross‑nanofluid flow
M. Ali
1
· W. A. Khan
2,3
· M. Irfan
4
· F. Sultan
1
· M. Shahzed
1
· M. Khan
4
Received: 19 January 2019 / Accepted: 9 April 2019
© King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology 2019
Abstract
This research work is made to demonstrate diverse characteristics of entropy generation minimization for cross nanomaterial
towards a stretched surface in the presence of Lorentz’s forces. Transportation of heat is analyzed through Joule heating and
radiation. Nanoliquid model consists of activation energy and Brownian movement aspects. Concentration of cross material
is scrutinized by implementing zero mass flux condition. Bejan number and entropy generation (EG) rate are formulated. The
employment of transformation variables reduces the PDEs into nonlinear ODEs. Bvp4c scheme is implemented to compute
the computational results of nonlinear system. Velocity, temperature, and concentration are conducted for cross nanomaterial.
Consequences of current physical model are presented through graphical data and in tabular form. The outcomes for Bejan
number and EG rates are presented through graphical data. It is noted that EG rates and Bejan number significantly affect rate
of heat-mass transport mechanisms. In addition, graphical analysis reveals that E.G. rate has diminishing trend for diffusive
variable. Moreover, achieved data reveal that profiles of Bejan number boost for augmented values of radiation parameter.
Keywords Cross nanoliquid · Thermal radiation · Entropy generation · Activation energy
Introduction
The advancement in nanotechnology and nanoscience
extended the application areas for researchers and scien-
tists. Applications of nanofluids are encouraging in dif-
ferent phenomena such as the heat transfer phenomena.
Advancements in technology need the proficient methods
for heat transfer, and nanofluids provide the more efficient
medium for heat transfer from one source to another source.
In addition, numerous procedures are available in the lit-
erature which can intensifies heat transport properties in
flow to improve the effectiveness of concentrating collec-
tor. Nanoliquids have higher thermo-physical properties
compared with those of base liquids. Moreover, nanoliquids
were employed inside absorber to serve as heat transfer liq-
uid and, therefore, boost the performance of solar system.
Sheikholeslami et al. (2014) deliberated the flow for CuO
water nanofluid by considering the aspects of Lorentz forces.
Khan et al. (2014) described heat sink–source characteris-
tics for 3D non-Newtonian nanofluid. Ellahi et al. (2015)
inspected the colloidal analysis for CO–H
2
O over inverted
vertical cone. Khan and Khan (2015), (2016a) and Khan
et al. (2016a) described various properties of nanoliquid by
considering different non-Newtonian fluid models. Waqas
et al. (2016) examined the flow of micropoler liquid due
to nonlinear stretched sheet with convective condition.
Khan and Khan (2016b) reported features of Burgers fluid
by considering nanoparticles. Sulochana et al. (2017) stud-
ied the consequences of thin din needle with Joule heating.
Hayat et al. (2017) analyzed radiative heat transfer in the
presence of Lorentz’s force for nanofluid. Sheikholeslami
and Shehzad (2017) reported the properties of nanofluid
by considering characteristics of Lorentz force. Moreover,
some recent development on nanofluid has been discussed
in Sheikholeslami and Shamlooei (2017), Sheikholeslami
and Rokni (2017), Irfan et al. (2018a, b, 2019a), Hayat et al.
(2018), Sheikholeslami et al. (2018), Gireesha et al. (2018),
Mahanthesh et al. (2018), Sheikholeslami (2018a, b), Akbar
* W. A. Khan
Waqar_qau85@yahoo.com
1
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Hazara
University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan
2
School of Mathematics and Statistics, Beijing Institute
of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
3
Department of Mathematics, Mohi-ud-Din Islamic
University, Nerian Sharif 12010, Azad Jammu & Kashmir,
Pakistan
4
Department of Mathematics, Quaid-I-Azam University,
Islamabad 44000, Pakistan