Copyright © Mieczysław Dobija, Jurij Renkas. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. International Journal of Physical Research, 9 (2) (2021) 92-97 International Journal of Physical Research Website: www.sciencepubco.com/index.php/IJPR Research paper Thermodynamic constant of time passage Mieczysław Dobija 1 *, Jurij Renkas 2 1 Cracow University of Economics, Rakowicka St., 27, 31-425, Cracow, Poland ORCID No: 0000 0003 0670 2313 2 Cracow University of Economics, Rakowicka St., 27, 31-425, Cracow, Poland ORCID No: 0000-0001-7139-5458 *Corresponding author E-mail: dobijam@uek.krakow.pl Abstract The study of time has a long history and is still ongoing. The term formulated by Isaac Newton was coined in the 17th century, so natu- rally it could not relate to thermodynamics. Since the passage of time and aging are inalienable components of human experience, so Newton's concept of time was and is still alive. W.G. Leibniz and I. Kant mainly questioned the absoluteness of time. This paper intro- duces the definition of time and justifies the thesis that time is a thermodynamic process, flows uniformly, and the rate of passage of time is determined by a suitable natural constant. Keywords: Thermodynamic; Time Passage; Constant. 1. Introduction Time and the passage of time are issues that are still being debated and it is possible to distinguish three sides with differing views. The first one originates from Isaac Newton (1642-1727), the second one comes from Albert Einstein (1879-1955) and the third one, in which it is believed that time does not exist, started in antiquity, now has a prominent representative in the person of Julian Barbour, the author of the work “The End of Time. A New Revolution in Physics”. The authors of this article present the view that the common perception of the passage of time is grounded in the real world, and that the uniform passage of time that Newton spoke of is due to the existence of a thermodynamic constant that determines the rate at which time runs. We admit the rightness of Arthur Eddington (1882-1944), who in his style stated [Holt, 2018, p. 19] that there must be something real that causes the passage of time, so this concept should not be eliminated from scientific consideration: (...) Arthur Eddington, one of the first physicists to grasp Einstein's relativity theory, declared that our intuitive sense of time’s passage is so powerful that it must correspond to something in the objective world. If science cannot get purchase on it, one might say, well, so much the worse for science (...) J.T. Fraser (1923-2010), founder of the International Society for Study of Time (http://www.studyoftime.org/), expressed his belief that the sensation of the passage of time is perhaps more poignant, profound and direct than any aspect of our existence. Moreover, time is profoundly connected with the functions of the mind; it is the only dimension of our inner life. This is a development of the opinion of I. Kant, who recognized time and its passage as an inalienable tool of the human mind. Accepting these premises we will show that the human feeling of time has its real basis, and that for a human being time flows evenly, independently of other events. 2. Modification of Isaac newton’s concept of time The original definition of time as captured in the work “Principia”, is as follows: Absolute, true, and mathematical time, in and of itself and of its own nature, without reference to anything external, flows uni- formly and by another name is called duration. Relative, apparent, and common time is any sensible and external measure (pre- cise or imprecise) of duration by means of motion; such a measure – for example, an hour, a day, a month, a year – is commonly used instead of true time. I s a a c N e w t o n, The Principia. Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy, The Authoritative Translation by I. Bernard Cohen and Anne Whitman assisted by Julia Budenz, U n i v e r s i t y o f C a l i f o r n i a P r e s s, 1999, p. 54 Wolfgang G. Leibniz (1646-1716) disagreed with the view of time as absolute, independent of anything. Leibniz was convinced that space and time were not real, but were relations between material objects and mathematical concepts. He considered time in the context of philosophy and monadology. Like Leibniz, Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) guided by well-known aphorisms such as: "Without sensuality no object would be given to us, without intellect none would be conceived, concepts without sensory perceptions are empty, and perceptions without concepts are blind”, he formulates an opinion about time and space. Time is a form of our sensuality, it is a form of the inner sense. He also recognized that time is empirically real. This opinion is largely confirmed by our definition of time. At that time thermodynamics had not yet developed,