Acta Scientific MEDICAL SCIENCES (ISSN: 2582-0931) Volume 8 Issue 3 March 2024 Human Fabrication: Ethical and Legal Aspects of 3D Bioprinting Elena Salvaterra* Independent Researcher in Bioethics, National Coalition of Independent Scholars, USA and the ISOPROG-Somatolink EPFP Research Network, Philadelphia, USA - Caltanissetta, Italy *Corresponding Author: Elena Salvaterra, Independent Researcher in Bioethics, National Coalition of Independent Scholars, USA and the ISOPROG-Somatolink EPFP Research Network, Philadelphia, USA - Caltanissetta, Italy. Review Article Received: February 05, 2024 Published: February 19, 2024 © All rights are reserved by Elena Salvaterra. Abstract 3D bioprinting of human tissues and organs for the treatment or replacement of diseased body parts is widely recognized as key driver of the so-called 4 th industrial revolution. Indeed, bioprinting is coming to play the role of game changer in current and future medical practices by making available unique tissues and organs for personalized regeneration or transplantation. However, this technology raises controversial issues in ethical and legal terms. From a speculative perspective, the bio-fabrication poses the question to re-think the human nature in relation to its capacity to generate new species and immortal life. From a practical viewpoint, it rises the problem to rework or establish new ethical and regulatory frameworks governing traditional informed consent, privacy protection and intellectual property rights. This article navigates these ethical and legal challenges with the aim to outline the international debate on the potential of 3D bioprinting to foster human fabrics. Keywords: Biotechnology; Organs; 3D Bioprinting Introduction 3D bioprinting of tissues and organs for research and therapeutic purposes is a fast developing and promising area of biotechnology [1]. The quick and successful expansion of 3D bioprinting (or bio-fabrication) in the medical field leads to consider it as game changer of tissues engineering and regenerative medicine and reasonably supports an optimistic view of the future application of this technology to provide 3D tissues and organs for the treatment of several diseases. Now entering the stage of “evangelism” [2], after scattering doubts on its efficacy, the bio-fabrication looks at the final and challenging goal to make available in the future customized tissues and organs for personalized medicine. In the field of transplantation, 3D bioprinting has been successfully used in specific areas. In 2006, Atala and colleagues performed the first successful transplant of a bio-fabricated bladder [3] and most recently, in 2022, the transplant of a 3D bio printed ear was efficiently conducted by using engineered autologous stem cells [4]. The application of 3D bioprinting is not limited only to regenerative surgery but it extends to the field of reproduction [5], pharmacology research for drug and toxicity testing and cosmetology [6,7]. Successes in the field of bioprinting announce the promising possibility for a future replacement of cartilage, blood vessels, internal organs like heart, liver, kidney, and they show how this Citation: Elena Salvaterra. “Human Fabrication: Ethical and Legal Aspects of 3D Bioprinting". Acta Scientific Medical Sciences 8.3 (2024): 92-96. DOI: 10.31080/ASMS.2024.08.1769